Craving y abstinencia de la nicotina en fumadores españoles en un tratamiento para dejar de fumar

Abstract

Craving and nicotine withdrawal syndrome (NWS) are components of the tobacco use disorder in DSM-5. They both appear after smoking cessation or an abrupt reduction in tobacco use, and they are associated with both short and long-term smoking-cessation outcomes.The aim of the present study was to examine the association of craving and withdrawal with smoking cessation at the end of the treatment and relapse at 3 months follow-up in a Spanish sample of smokers.The sample comprised 342 smokers (37.7% men; 62.3% women) receiving a cognitive-behavioral treatment for smoking cessation.The assessments of craving and withdrawal were conducted using the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale. Abstainers at the end of the treatment, compared to non abstainers, showed significantly lower post-treatment withdrawal, and post-treatment craving. Furthermore, they had lower scores in pre-treatment nicotine dependence. Among abstainers, craving decreased significantly from pre-cessation levels, while in those participants who did not quit smoking it remained on the same levels. High nicotine dependence was a predictor of smoking at the end of the treatment, whereas high nicotine withdrawal predicted relapse at 3 months. Findings support the robust role of craving and NWS in smoking cessation and relapse, although they differ in their specific patterns of change over time.

Dietary supplementation with a wild green oat extract (Avena sativa L.) to improve wellness and wellbeing during smoking reduction or cessation: a randomized double-blind controlled study

“…On each visit, eligibility criteria were checked, and vital signs and body weight were recorded. Participants completed the following efficacy assessments: the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) 1 ( 37 ); the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) ( 38 ); the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) ( 39 ); the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) ( 40 ); the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) ( 41 ); the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) ( 42 ); the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) ( 43 ); a cognitive battery using the Computerized Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS, Northumbria University, UK, instruction screens adapted for Spanish); and a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) symptoms panel developed for this study. Craving intensity was assessed twice, before and after a provocation procedure.…”

Specific Relapse Predictors: Could Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Smoking Cessation Be Improved?

“…Those participants who did not attend the follow-up or reported abstinence but had a CO level of >5 ppm were classified as relapsers [36]. We chose this timeframe because research indicates that the risk of relapse is highest within the first 3 months of the abstinence period [37].…”

Tabaco y rendimiento cognitivo en pacientes con esquizofrenia: diseño del estudio COGNICO

“…En todo caso, los efectos beneficiosos de la nicotina no justificarían el mantenimiento del nocivo hábito tabáquico, ya que el tabaco se asocia con más de 4000 toxinas y de 60 sustancias cancerígenas. Es por esto que en los últimos años algunos autores ya proponen el uso de nicotina (Levin y Rezvani, 2002;Piñeiro et al, 2014) como una vía para modificar la función cognitiva dañada en los pacientes (Smith et al, 2006;Barr et al, 2008).…”