Craving's place in addiction theory: Contributions of the major models

Skinner, Marilyn D.; Aubin, Henri‐Jean

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.024

Cited by 282 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Although there was a significant moderate correlation between GUS total score and PGSI scores in this study, gambling urge did not significantly predict PG severity. It was a possibility due to cognitive models of addiction (Skinner & Aubin, 2010;Tiffany, 1999;Tiffany & Conklin, 2000) and the strong correlation (more than r = 0.30; Baron & Kenny, 1986) between GRCS and GUS that gambling-related cognitions acts as a mediator of the relationship between gambling urge and PG (i.e., GUS predicts PG because GUS predicts GRCS, which predicts PG). Mediation analyses revealed that gambling-related cognitions significantly predicted gambling urge and the path from GUS to PGSI is reduced in absolute size when the mediator is controlled for in the analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influences of gambling urge have also been considered as an important factor in the development of PG (Raylu & Oei, 2002Sharpe, 2002). Although previous studies have discussed the role of urges in the development of cognitions (Niaura, 2000;Skinner & Aubin, 2010;Tiffany, 1999;Tiffany & Conklin, 2000), these mediating effects of gambling-related cognitions have not been empirically investigate in the literature. Hence, the mediating process of gambling-related cognitions by which gambling urges impacts on PG severity (i.e., gambling urges impacts on PG via gambling-related cognitions) will be examined in this study among Chinese individuals living in a traditionally Chinese country (i.e., Taiwan).…”

Section: Socio-demographic Factors Psychological States Gambling-rementioning

confidence: 99%

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Problem Gambling, Gambling Correlates, and Help-Seeking Attitudes in a Chinese Sample: An Empirical Evaluation

Loo¹,

Oei²,

Raylu³

2011

PSYCH

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There is an increasing consensus that problem gambling (PG) is a serious social issue among the Chinese, but little is known of the factors associated with PG among the Chinese using validated and improved PG measurements. This study examined the patterns of PG and the PG predictive ability of variables such as gambling-related cognitions, gambling urge, depression, anxiety, stress, and help-seeking attitudes among Chinese individuals living in Taiwan. The participants consisted of 801 Taiwanese Chinese student and community individuals (Mean age = 25.36 years). The prevalence of PG (Problem Gambling Severity Index; PGSI) and pathological gambling (South Oaks Gambling Screen; SOGS) are higher in this Taiwanese Chinese sample as compared with past prevalence research. Significant differences were found between PGSI groups (i.e., non-PG, low-risk, moderate-risk, and PG) in socio-demographic variables. Erroneous gambling-related cognitions and overall negative psychological states significantly predicted PG. In addition, interaction effects of gender, mediation effects, and the predictive ability of help-seeking attitudes were discussed. The findings of this study have important implications in the understanding of PG among the Chinese. Gambling-related cognitions and negative psychological states are important factors that should be addressed in intervention programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Socio-demographic Factors Psychological States Gambling-rementioning

confidence: 99%

Problem Gambling, Gambling Correlates, and Help-Seeking Attitudes in a Chinese Sample: An Empirical Evaluation

Loo¹,

Oei²,

Raylu³

2011

PSYCH

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“…However, reports of craving appear to emerge only after prolonged use of a drug, and thus may not emerge during the early phases of conditioning. Moreover, the concept of craving is complex (eg, Tiffany and Carter, 1998;Rohsenow and Monti 1999;Franken, 2003); it is not easily assessed in animal models, and indeed may not be a simple consequence of Pavlovian conditioning (Skinner and Auben, 2010). Thus, in this investigation we focused on measures of preference for the stimuli, attention to the stimuli, and emotional responses to the stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition of Responses to a Methamphetamine-Associated Cue in Healthy Humans: Self-Report, Behavioral, and Psychophysiological Measures

Mayo

Wit

2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Drug-associated cues elicit conditioned responses in human drug users, and are thought to facilitate a drug-seeking behavior. Yet, little is known about how these associations are acquired, or about the specificity of the conditioned response modalities. In this study, healthy, nondependent volunteers (N ¼ 90) completed a conditioning paradigm in which they received a moderate dose of methamphetamine paired with one stimulus and placebo with another stimulus, each on two separate occasions. Their responses to these cues were measured with a behavioral preference, self-reported 'liking', emotional reactivity, and attentional bias measures, both before and after the conditioning. Following the conditioning procedure, subjects exhibited a behavioral preference, positive emotional reactivity, and attentional bias toward the methamphetamine-associated cue, compared with the placebo stimulus. In addition, subjects who reported greater positive subjective drug effects during the conditioning displayed a more robust conditioning. This work demonstrates that healthy nondependent volunteers readily acquire conditioned responses to neutral stimuli paired with a drug. The procedure has significant value to study individual variation in acquisition of conditioned responses as a possible risk factor for drug taking, and to study the neural basis of conditioned drug responses.

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“…Craving is a key concept in addiction as it is relevant to risk of relapse and treatment effectiveness [3]. However, little research has addressed the underlying processes which may affect its escalation, or its effects on motivational states and the neuroendocrine system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of food craving and desire thinking on states of motivational challenge and threat and their physiological indices

et al. 2018

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Purpose Food craving has been shown to induce states of psychological challenge, indexed by increases in adrenaline but not cortisol production. The study aimed to test the relationship between challenge and (1) desire thinking (the active processing of the pleasant consequences of achieving a desired target and planning how to do so) and (2) craving. Methods Participants (N = 61) self-reported their levels of craving and desire thinking. They were then presented with situations in which their craving would be fulfilled or not via a false feedback practice task (a wordsearch task). During this period psycho-physiological measures of challenge and threat were taken. Results Higher levels of craving were linked to challenge only when the craved object was likely to be obtained. Whilst anticipating reward fulfillment, higher levels of craving were linked to higher levels of desire thinking. In turn, higher levels of desire thinking were related to lower levels of challenge. In contrast, during the processes of reward fulfillment, desire thinking was linked to increased challenge (i.e., a positive indirect effect). Conclusions Craving is linked to increased levels of psychological challenge when the object of the craving can be obtained, but it is unrelated to craving when it is not. The research also highlights the importance of desire thinking as an important, but complex, mediator in the relationship between craving and motivational states: desire thinking inhibited challenge when anticipating craving fulfillment, but encouraging it during the process of fulfillment itself. Level of evidence I: Evidence obtained from at least one properly designed randomized controlled trial.

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Craving's place in addiction theory: Contributions of the major models

Cited by 282 publications

References 123 publications

Problem Gambling, Gambling Correlates, and Help-Seeking Attitudes in a Chinese Sample: An Empirical Evaluation

Problem Gambling, Gambling Correlates, and Help-Seeking Attitudes in a Chinese Sample: An Empirical Evaluation

Acquisition of Responses to a Methamphetamine-Associated Cue in Healthy Humans: Self-Report, Behavioral, and Psychophysiological Measures

The effects of food craving and desire thinking on states of motivational challenge and threat and their physiological indices

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