Craving-Induced EEG Reactivity in Smokers: Effects of Mood Induction, Nicotine Dependence and Gender

Knott, Verner; Naccache, Luma; Cyr, Emmanuelle; Fisher, Derek J.; McIntosh, Judy; Millar, Anne; Villeneuve, Crystal M.

doi:10.1159/000201716

Cited by 34 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 169 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…This is perhaps unsurprising given the equivocal findings regarding gender differences and smoking cue reactivity. While some studies have found greater smoking cue reactivity among women than men (Field & Duka, 2004; Knott et al, 2009; Waters et al, 2004), others have found no gender differences (Carter & Tiffany, 2001; Robinson et al, 2007; Saladin et al, 2012). In terms of ERP responses to smoking-related cues, we are unaware of any study in this area that reported examining gender differences, so it is unknown whether our lack of gender findings are typical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The motivational salience of cigarette-related stimuli among former, never, and current smokers.

Robinson¹,

Versace²,

Engelmann³

et al. 2015

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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While smokers are known to find smoking-related stimuli to be motivationally salient, the extent to which former smokers do so is largely unknown. In this study, we collected event-related potential (ERP) data from former and never smokers and compared them to a sample of current smokers interested in quitting who completed the same ERP paradigm prior to smoking cessation treatment. All participants (n = 180) attended one laboratory session where we recorded dense-array ERPs in response to cigarette-related, pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures, and where we collected valence and arousal ratings of the pictures. We identified three spatial and temporal regions of interest, corresponding to the P1 (120-132 ms), early posterior negativity (EPN; 244-316 ms), and late positive potential (LPP; 384-800 ms) ERP components. We found that all participants produced larger P1 responses to cigarette-related pictures compared to the other picture categories. With the EPN component, we found that, similar to pleasant and unpleasant pictures, cigarette-related pictures attracted early attentional resources, regardless of smoking status. Both former and never smokers produced reduced LPP responses to cigarette-related and pleasant pictures compared to current smokers. Current smokers rated the cigarette-related pictures as being more pleasant and arousing than the former and never smokers. The LPP and picture rating results suggest that former smokers, like never smokers, do not find cigarette-related stimuli to be as motivationally salient as current smokers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The motivational salience of cigarette-related stimuli among former, never, and current smokers.

Robinson¹,

Versace²,

Engelmann³

et al. 2015

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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“…In addition, gender balance in the study sample was skewed towards men (16 of 21 participants), which precluded examination of gender as a potential moderator of abstinence effects. Several studies have shown that women may experience more craving during abstinence (Xu et al, 2008) and may experience greater cue-induced craving (Knott et al, 2008; Saladin et al, 2012). Therefore, the predominantly male sample may have decreased the observed effect of abstinence on craving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time dependency of craving and response inhibition during nicotine abstinence

Tsaur

Strasser

Souprountchouk

et al. 2014

Addiction Research & Theory

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Background Nicotine withdrawal produces increased craving for cigarettes and deficits in response inhibition, and these withdrawal symptoms are predictive of relapse. Although it is well-established that these symptoms emerge early during abstinence, there is mixed evidence regarding whether they occur simultaneously. Given the importance of the early withdrawal period, this study examined craving and response inhibition at 24h and 72h abstinence. Methods Twenty-one non-treatment seeking adult smokers were evaluated at baseline, 24h, and 72h abstinence for craving (Questionnaire on Smoking Urges – Brief) and response inhibition (Stop Signal Task, Stroop Task, Continuous Performance Task). Generalized linear regression models were used for primary outcomes, and Pearson correlations for examining the association between craving and response inhibition. Results Factor 2 craving (anticipated relief of negative affect) increased from baseline to 24h abstinent (p=0.004), which subsided by 72h (p=0.08). Deficits in response inhibition measured by the Stop Signal Task were observed at 72h (p=0.046), but not 24h (p=0.318). No correlation was found between response inhibition and craving at any time point (p-values>0.19), except between the Stroop Task and factor 1 craving at baseline (p=0.025). Conclusions Factor 2 craving peaked at 24h, whereas deficits in response inhibition did not emerge until 72h, indicating that need to target craving and cognitive function during early abstinence may not occur simultaneously. Further characterizing the time course of withdrawal symptoms may guide development of targeted treatments for smoking cessation.

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“…Some studies have concluded that females report higher craving in response to smoking cues (vs. neutral cues) than males 13,14 while others report equivalent levels of post smoking cue craving across genders. 15,16 Taken together, the extant research on gender effects in cue reactivity suggests that, though females may be more reactive to stress cues than males, the evidence for gender differences in smoking cue reactivity is less consistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Responses to Cues Presented in the Natural Environment of Cigarette Smokers

Wray

Gray

McClure

et al. 2015

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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IntroductionMost quit attempts end in relapse, 1 and there is evidence that female smokers have more difficulty quitting smoking than male smokers. [2][3][4] This gender difference has often been observed in clinical trials, 5,6 but population-based evidence for gender differences in quit success has been mixed. 7,8 An appeal for research identifying mechanisms related to these disparate cessation outcomes has been made in the smoking literature. 9 Craving, stress, and negative affect (NA) have been hypothesized as potential factors underlying gender differences in quit rates. 10Previous research has demonstrated gender differences in reactivity to cues presented in the laboratory setting. Saladin et al. 11conducted a laboratory-based study examining gender differences in response to smoking cues (holding and viewing a cigarette), stress cues (listening to a description of a recent life event that the participant identified as stressful), and neutral cues (holding and viewing a pack of pencils and an eraser while listening to a description Original investigation Gender Differences in Responses to AbstractIntroduction: Although the evidence is mixed, female smokers appear to have more difficulty quitting smoking than male smokers. Craving, stress, and negative affect have been hypothesized as potential factors underlying gender differences in quit rates. Methods: In the current study, the cue-reactivity paradigm was used to assess craving, stress, and negative affect in response to cues presented in the natural environment of cigarette smokers using ecological momentary assessment. Seventy-six daily smokers (42% female) responded to photographs (smoking, stress, and neutral) presented 4 times per day on an iPhone over the course of 2 weeks. Results: Both smoking and stress cues elicited stronger cigarette craving and stress responses compared to neutral cues. Compared with males, females reported higher levels of post-stress cue craving, stress, and negative affect, but response to smoking cues did not differ by gender. Discussion: Findings from this project were largely consistent with results from laboratory-based research and extend previous work by measuring response to cues in the natural environment of cigarette smokers. This study extends previous cue reactivity ecological momentary assessment research by using a new platform and by measuring response to stress cues outside of the laboratory. Findings from this project highlight the importance of addressing coping in response to stress cues in clinical settings, especially when working with female smokers.

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Craving-Induced EEG Reactivity in Smokers: Effects of Mood Induction, Nicotine Dependence and Gender

Cited by 34 publications

References 169 publications

The motivational salience of cigarette-related stimuli among former, never, and current smokers.

The motivational salience of cigarette-related stimuli among former, never, and current smokers.

Time dependency of craving and response inhibition during nicotine abstinence

Gender Differences in Responses to Cues Presented in the Natural Environment of Cigarette Smokers

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