“…These studies have generally demonstrated that relative to controls, cocaine-addicted individuals exhibit enhanced activation in prefrontal regions following exposure to drug-associated stimuli, particularly in cingulate cortex (Kilts et al, 2004; Kuhn and Gallinat, 2011; Marhe et al, 2013; Wexler et al, 2001), left lateral OFC and right dorsolateral PFC (Bonson et al, 2002). Activation of prefrontal regions following exposure to drug cues has also been reported in nicotine (Brody et al, 2002; Brody et al, 2007; Kober et al, 2010b; Yalachkov et al, 2009), alcohol (Grusser et al, 2004; Heinz et al, 2007) and heroin (Li et al, 2012; Li et al, 2013; Li et al, 2014; Xiao et al, 2006) addicted individuals. Importantly, measures of PFC activity following cue exposure appear to have some clinical relevance (Goldstein and Volkow, 2011).…”