Cratered cobbles in Triassic Buntsandstein conglomerates in northeastern Spain: An indicator of shock deformation in the vicinity of large impacts: Comment and Reply

Criteria for the identification of ventifacts in the geological record: A review and new insights

“…In terms of their shape, and given that they only occur on quartzite, these pits resemble those characterizing the 'pitted pebbles' described by Kuenen (1942), produced by pressure solution under tectonic stress (Corte ´s et al, 2002;Klein, 1963;Ruano and Galindo-Zaldı ´var, 2004), and renamed 'cratered pebbles' by Ernstson et al (2001). Actually, they differ by the nature of their filling, which consists of sandstone matrix and not a single quartz pebble.…”

Cosmic impact versus terrestrial origin of the Azuara structure (Spain): A review

“…These authors propose this type of feature as an indicator of shock deformation in the vicinity of large impacts, in this particular case of the Azuara structure and its alleged companion, Rubielos de la Cerida structure. However, this interpretation is difficult to reconcile with the widespread distribution of these features throughout Spain and other countries in Europe (Cortes et al, 2002). In particular, this type of feature is quite common throughout the Iberian Range and most areas where Buntsandstein conglomerates are present (Fig.…”

“…The small pits or craters are known in Spanish geology as "percussion" or "pressure-solution" marks, and are found not only along the northeastern (Aragonian) branch of the Iberian Range (Garcia-Royo and Arche, 1987), but also along the southeastern (Castillian) branch of the Iberian Range (Trurnit, 1968;Marfil et al, 1977;Ramos, 1977), even at its western end, in the eastern Segovia province (Hernando, 1980). Furthermore, they are also found in the same stratigraphic position (basal conglomerates of the Buntsandstein facies) in the Catalan Coastal Ranges (Virgili et al, 1977) Trumit (1968), (2) explained as resulting at contacts between clasts due to locali zed pressure during diagenesis and compression, both lithostatic and tectonic (see discussion in Cortes et a!., 2002). Age of the Structure-Impact structures can be dated by means of radiometric dating of impact melt rocks and other impact-derived minerals and rocks directly in or around the crater.…”