Crater formation by the rupture of underground natural gas pipelines: A probabilistic-based model

Amaya-Gómez, Rafael; Ramírez-Camacho, J. Giovanni; Pastor, Elsa; Casal, Joaquim; Muñoz, Felipe

doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2018.03.011

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Logarithmic and cubic root transformations were used, as certain features such as k and T had more comprehensive ranges (i.e., greater than 10:1); see Figure 3 . These types of transformations have been successfully applied in previous works [ 82 , 83 ] to help stabilize the variance of the data [ 84 ].…”

Section: Comparison Of Rheological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane BioReactor (MBR) Activated Sludge Surrogate Alternatives Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Xanthan Gum: A Statistical Analysis and Review

Ratkovich

Amaya-Gómez

2022

Membranes

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Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) combine traditional biological treatments such as Activated Sludge (AS) with a membrane-based filtration process to extract suspended and organic solids. MBR operation involves high shear rates near the membrane surface due to the high crossflow velocity, which complicates any simulation process from a hydrodynamic point of view. In this regard, the viscosity as a function of total suspended solids (TSS) plays an essential role in characterizing and modeling the behavior of activated sludge (AS). However, AS has an intransparency property that prevents experimental measurements (i.e., velocity profiles) commonly associated with optical techniques from being peformed. In light of this limitation, two polymeric compounds, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and xanthan gum (XG), are considered here in order to explore the possibility of mimicking the rheological behavior of AS. These compounds are commonly used in the food industry as food thickeners, and their rheological behavior is supposedly well defined in the literature. In this work, we reviewed the viscosity behavior of these compounds through their reported flow behavior and consistency indexes. It was found that the rheological properties of these two polymers differ depending on the chemical manufacturer, rheometers, and measurement protocols involved. Different curves (shear rate vs. viscosity/shear stress) are obtained, as each device and procedure seem to modify the polymer structure. Therefore, a statistical analysis was performed based on the flow and consistency indexes using different concentrations and temperatures reported in experimental data. Several insights regarding CMC, XG, and AS performance were obtained, including a better relationship with concentration than with temperature or certain exponential-based performances, which can support further MBR design and operational decision-making.

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Section: Comparison Of Rheological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane BioReactor (MBR) Activated Sludge Surrogate Alternatives Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Xanthan Gum: A Statistical Analysis and Review

Ratkovich

Amaya-Gómez

2022

Membranes

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“…Once the best predictors are selected, the best regressions were obtained based on the minimum RSE, maximum adjusted 2 , and modified versions of the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) previously used by Amaya-Gómez et al (2018). In what follows, the best regressions are described in more detail, which in all cases omit the intercept in Eq.…”

Section: Multivariate Regression Of the Crater Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preliminary predictions show interesting results of the crater width and depth, bearing in mind that the reported dimensions account the effects from the two failures, whereas these predictions consider them separately. For more in-depth analyses of these accidents, please refer to the approach proposed in Amaya-Gómez et al (2018). The records and correlation factors proposed in this paper can be used to identify preliminary domino effect scenarios based on some safety distances.…”

Section: Domino Effect Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of crater formation in buried NG pipelines: A survey based on past accidents and evaluation of domino effect

Ramírez-Camacho

Pastor

Amaya-Gómez

et al. 2019

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

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The formation of a crater by the abrupt and catastrophic rupture of a high-pressure pipeline can be highly relevant, especially when the crater uncovers other pipelines, which could undergo a domino effect with a significant increase of the consequences on people or on the environment. However, this scenario has been only partially studied in the literature. To assess the influence of the pipeline parameters on the dimensions of the resulting crater, a statistical analysis of accidental ruptures of buried natural gas pipelines that have involved the formation of a crater was carried out. Mathematical expressions are proposed to describe the proportionality relationships found, which can be very useful to support adequate separation distances in the design and construction of parallel corridors of pipelines after appropriate escalating effects are considered. Finally, detailed event trees were developed to calculate the probability of occurrence of the final outcomes, as well as the identified domino sequences, based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data. The study of these accident scenarios, based on actual cases, represents a useful and needed advance in risk analysis of natural gas transportation through pipelines.

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Coupling effect of multiple factors on the crater size of physical explosion in high-pressure natural pipelines

Gao,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Engineering Failure Analysis

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Crater formation by the rupture of underground natural gas pipelines: A probabilistic-based model

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Membrane BioReactor (MBR) Activated Sludge Surrogate Alternatives Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Xanthan Gum: A Statistical Analysis and Review

Membrane BioReactor (MBR) Activated Sludge Surrogate Alternatives Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Xanthan Gum: A Statistical Analysis and Review

Analysis of crater formation in buried NG pipelines: A survey based on past accidents and evaluation of domino effect

Coupling effect of multiple factors on the crater size of physical explosion in high-pressure natural pipelines

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