“…There are multiple uses for drones today, including emergency services for humanitarian operations (e.g., search and rescue) (Mudiyanselage et al 2021, Shakerian et al 2022, traffic surveillance (Asgharpour et al 2021), package delivery, and telemetry and mapping. Due to the limited energy provided by the small lithium polymer (LiPo) batteries, which are typically installed on mini drones, the energy consumption of each drone plays a critical role in determining its figure of merit (Famili et al 2022a,b).…”