Craniometric Study and Anatomical Variations of Base of Skull in a Thai Population Associated with Clinical Implications

Abstract

Knowledge of anatomical variations in the base of the skull and anatomical landmarks is crucial for clinical procedures by surgeons, ENT physicians, and radiologists. This study investigated morphometric and anatomical variations in the foramen magnum, occipital condyles, hypoglossal canals, and jugular foramina to improve knowledge of the base of the skull’s complex anatomy and consider the anatomical variations via a morphometric study. One hundred and sixty intact skulls were investigated. Morphometric measurements showed that the foramen magnum, occipital condyles, hypoglossal canals, and jugular foramina were all significantly larger in males than females and could be useful for sex determination. Increased awareness of morphological location and anatomical landmark variation can improve surgical proficiency.

Morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum in the Peruvian population

“…A recent study conducted in ailand demonstrated similar results, showing a clear disparity between men and women in measurements. [34] Men exhibited considerably larger dimensions in the foramen magnum and condyles compared to women, aligning with trends observed in other Asian studies. Even in Saudi Arabia, the same trend is observed in terms of the length and width of the foramen magnum, as well as the dimensions of the condyles.…”

“…[ 7 ] For instance, analyses in Europe have highlighted variations between genders in foramen magnum measurements,[ 5 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 16 , 23 , 25 , 26 , 38 ] while in Asia, distinct differences between men and women in various cranial measurements have been observed. [ 14 , 18 , 24 , 28 , 31 , 32 , 34 ] These anatomical discrepancies can influence surgical techniques, emphasizing the relevance of an approach tailored to the region and/or geographical area to enhance the outcomes of craniotomies.…”