Craniometic variation in the Azapa Valley: Reply to Sutter and Mertz (2004)

Rothhammer, Francisco; Cocilovo, José Alberto; Silva, Claudio

doi:10.1002/ajpa.20448

Cited by 1 publication

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“…For example, the Cochabamba region of eastern Bolivia may have been colonized by Tiwanaku, although a cultural, but not biological, relationship may have existed between the two areas (Caballero 1984;Higueras-Hare 1996, 2001; Ibarra Grasso and Querejazu Lewis 1986;Kolata 1993a;O'Brien 2003;Stanish 2003). In addition, there are at least three cemeteries in the Azapa Valley of northern Chile that contain individuals buried with exclusively Tiwanaku-style artifacts, and scholars are using various lines to evidence to examine the Tiwanaku presence, or lack thereof, in this region (Goldstein 1996(Goldstein , 2005Rothhammer et al 2006;Rothhammer and Santoro 2001;Sutter 2000Sutter ,2005Sutter , 2006Sutter and Mertz 2003). Current and future research in these regions will undoubtedly elucidate Tiwanaku influence in these regions.…”

Section: Previous Research On Tiwanaku Residential Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tiwanaku Influence in the South Central Andes: Strontium Isotope Analysis and Middle Horizon Migration

Knudson¹

2008

Latin Am. antiq.

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Although the presence of Tiwanaku-style material culture throughout southern Peru, northern Chile, and western Bolivia is well documented, the nature of Tiwanaku influence during the Middle horizon (A.D. 500–1100) is variously attributed to imperial expansion or economic and/or religious relationships. Strontium isotope data from archaeological human remains from Tiwanaku-affiliated sites identified first-generation immigrants from the Lake Titicaca basin outside of the Tiwanaku heartland at the Peruvian site of Chen Chen. These data provide an important component to studies that demonstrated close biological relationships during the Middle horizon but could not demonstrate the direction of population movement. However, no immigrants from the Lake Titicaca basin were identified at the San Pedro de Atacama cemeteries of Coyo Oriental, Coyo-3, and Solcor-3. At the sites of Tiwanaku, Tilata, Iwawe, and Kirawi, strontium isotope ratios were also variable, and demonstrate movement within the Lake Titicaca basin. This demonstrates that Tiwanaku influence involved direct colonization in the Moquegua Valley but that in other regions, like San Pedro de Atacama, local inhabitants adopted Tiwanaku-style material culture. This elucidates the complex and highly variable relationships between the Tiwanaku heartland and peripheral sites during the Middle horizon.

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Section: Previous Research On Tiwanaku Residential Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tiwanaku Influence in the South Central Andes: Strontium Isotope Analysis and Middle Horizon Migration

Knudson¹

2008

Latin Am. antiq.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Craniometic variation in the Azapa Valley: Reply to Sutter and Mertz (2004)

Cited by 1 publication

References 12 publications

Tiwanaku Influence in the South Central Andes: Strontium Isotope Analysis and Middle Horizon Migration

Tiwanaku Influence in the South Central Andes: Strontium Isotope Analysis and Middle Horizon Migration

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