Craniofacial growth and SITAR growth curve analysis

Abstract

Summary Background SITAR (SuperImposition by Translation And Rotation) is a shape invariant growth curve model that effectively summarizes somatic growth in puberty. Aim To apply the SITAR model to longitudinal mandibular growth data to clarify its suitability to facial growth analysis. Subjects and methods 2D-cephalometric data on two mandibular measurements (AP: articulare–pogonion; CP: condylion–pogonion) were selected from the Denver Growth Study, consisting of longitudinal records (age range: 7.9–19.0 years) of females (sample size N: 21; number of radiographs n: 154) and males (N: 18; n: 137). The SITAR mixed effects model estimated, for each measurement and gender separately, a mean growth curve versus chronological age, along with mean age at peak velocity (APV) and peak velocity (PV), plus subject-specific random effects for PV and mean size. The models were also fitted versus Greulich–Pyle bone age. Results In males, mean APV occurred at 14.6 years (AP) and 14.4 years (CP), with mean PV 3.1 mm/year (AP) and 3.3 mm/year (CP). In females, APV occurred at 11.6 years (AP and CP), with mean PV 2.3 mm/year (AP) and 2.4 mm/year (CP). The models explained 95–96 per cent of the cross-sectional variance for males and 92–93 per cent for females. The random effects demonstrated standard deviations (SDs) in size of 5.6 mm for males and 3.9 mm for females, and SDs for PV between 0.3 and 0.5 mm/year. The bone age results were similar. Conclusion The SITAR model is a useful tool to analyse epidemiological craniofacial growth based on cephalometric data and provides an array of information on pubertal mandibular growth and its variance in a concise manner.

Longitudinal Height Growth in Children and Adolescents with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus Compared to Controls in Pune, India

“…Bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) for the mean age at peak height velocity (APV in years) and peak height velocity (PV in cm/year) were obtained using 500 resamples. The percentage of variance explained by the model was calculated as described in [24].…”