Craniofacial Embryogenesis: Normal Developmental Mechanisms

Sperber, G.H.

doi:10.1002/0471221953.ch4

Cited by 19 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Most of the information summarized below derives from studies of human basicranial growth and development; the majority of these patterns and processes are generally applicable to all primates, but we tried to distinguish those that are unique to humans or other species. Further information is available in Björk (1955), Ford (1958), Scott (1958), Moore and Lavelle (1974), Starck (1975), Bosma (1976), Moss et al (1982), Slavkin (1989), Sperber (1989), Enlow (1990), and Jeffery (1999), as well as the many references cited below.…”

Section: Anatomy and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chondrocranium develops between the base of the embryonic brain and foregut about 28 days intra utero (i.u.) as condensations of neural crest cells (highly mobile, pluripotent neurectodermal cells that make up most of the head) and paraxial mesoderm in the ectomeninx (a mesenchyme-derived membrane surrounding the brain) (Sperber, 1989). By the seventh week i.u., the ectomeninx has grown around the base of the brain and differentiated into nine groups of paired cartilagenous precursors (Fig.…”

Section: Development Of the Chondrocraniummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chondrocranium in Homo sapiens (after Sperber, 1989). A: Superior view of chondrocranial precursors and ossification centers (after Sperber, 1989). Primordial cartilages are at right, and their cranial base derivatives are on left.…”

Section: Development Of the Chondrocraniummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least 41 ossification centers, which begin to appear in the chondrocranium about 8 weeks i.u., are responsible for the transformation of the chondrocranium into the basicranium (Sperber, 1989;Kjaer, 1990). These centers ( Fig.…”

Section: Development Of the Chondrocraniummentioning

confidence: 99%

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The primate cranial base: Ontogeny, function, and integration

Lieberman

Ross

Ravosa

2000

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

419

453

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Understanding the complexities of cranial base development, function, and architecture is important for testing hypotheses about many aspects of craniofacial variation and evolution. We summarize key aspects of cranial base growth and development in primates that are useful for formulating and testing hypotheses about the roles of the chondrocranium and basicranium in cranial growth, integration, and function in primate and human evolution. We review interspecific, experimental, and ontogenetic evidence for interactions between the cranial base and brain, and between the cranial base and the face. These interactions indicate that the cranial base plays a key role in craniofacial growth, helping to integrate, spatially and functionally, different patterns of growth in various adjoining regions of the skull such as components of the brain, the eyes, the nasal cavity, the oral cavity, and the pharynx. Brain size relative to cranial base length appears to be the dominant influence on many aspects of basicranial variation, especially the angle of the cranial base in the midsagittal plane, but other factors such as facial size, facial orientation, and posture may also be important. Major changes in cranial base shape appear to have played crucial roles in the evolution of early primates, the origin of anthropoids, and the origin of Homo sapiens.

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Section: Anatomy and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of the Chondrocraniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of the Chondrocraniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of the Chondrocraniummentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The primate cranial base: Ontogeny, function, and integration

Lieberman

Ross

Ravosa

2000

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

419

453

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“…The controversy about the different theories is related in turn to the different conceptions on the organization of the cranial end of Reichert's cartilage. For the great majority of researchers, the cartilage of the second pharyngeal arch partially or totally forms the stapes of the middle ear Hamilton & Mossman, 1975;Masuda et al 1978;Corliss, 1979;Sperber, 1989;Abramovich, 1997;Moore & Persaud, 1999;Cochard, 2002;Sadler, 2004). For others, when the stapes loses its direct continuity with Reichert's cartilage, the former is joined to the latter by the hyostapedial connection (Anson & Bast, 1946), and it has even been indicated that the cranial end of Reichert's cartilage would be bifurcated at the interhyale and the laterohyale (Hanson et al 1962;Nandapalan & Tos, 2000) in such a way that the interhyale would connect with the stapes while the laterohyale would give rise to the pyramidal eminence (Hanson et al 1962;Nandapalan & Tos, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the stapedius muscle and pyramidal eminence in humans

Rodríguez‐Vázquez

2009

Journal of Anatomy

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The aim of the study was to systematize the key developmental phases of the stapedius muscle and the pyramidal eminence to clarify their formation, as well as to understand the variations and anomalies that can affect these structures. Sixty human embryos and fetuses between 38 days and 17 weeks of development were studied. The stapedius muscle is formed by two anlagen, one for the tendon, which derives from the internal segment of the interhyale, and another for the belly, located in the second pharyngeal arch medial to the facial nerve and near the interhyale but forming a completely independent anlage. In the interhyale, two segments were differentiated, these forming an angle; at the vertex, the belly of the stapedius muscle is attached. The internal segment is located from the attachment of the belly of the stapedius muscle to the anlage of the stapes, forming the anlage of the tendon of the stapedius muscle. The external segment completely disappears at the beginning of the fetal period. The pyramidal eminence is formed by an anlage independent of Reichert's cartilage, from the mesenchymal tissue of the tympanic cavity, which condenses around the belly of the stapedius muscle from 12 weeks of postconception development. The length of the tendon of the stapedius muscle in adults varies, depending on the attachment site of the belly of the stapedius muscle in the interhyale, which would determine the length of the internal segment (anlage of the tendon) and consequently the tendon length. This variation depends on the greater or lesser persistence of the angulation observed during development, between the tendon and the belly of the stapedius muscle.

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Subnasoalveolar anatomy and hominoid phylogeny: Evidence from comparative ontogeny

McCollum

Ward

1997

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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The present analysis evaluated extant hominoid subnasal morphological variation from an ontogenetic perspective, documenting both qualitative and allometric details of subnasal maturation in Hylobates, great apes and modern humans. With respect to intraspecific variation, results of log-linear modeling procedures indicate that qualitative features of the subnasal region shown previously to discriminate extant taxa (Ward and Kimbel, 1983; McCollum et al., 1993) do not vary appreciably with either age or sex. In terms of quantitative variation, aside from observed changes in the position of the anterior attachment of the nasal septal cartilage relative to the lateral margins of the nasal cavity, the morphology of the subnasal region does not vary appreciably with age. Furthermore, it was found that sexual dimorphism in subnasal form is present only in Pongo and Gorilla and is the result of sexual bimaturism rather than sexual variation in canine size. In considering interspecific variation in subnasal form, there is a propensity among hominoid taxa for the nasal cavity floor to be free of substantial topographic relief. The smoothly continuous nasal floor topography identified in the majority of hominoid taxa appears to be produced by extensive resorption of the anterior nasal cavity floor that accompanies an upward rotation of the anterior maxilla during craniofacial ontogeny. Comparisons of ontogenetic allometric trajectories indicate that relatively little of the variation in hominoid subnasal form can early be attributed to variation in body/cranial size. Instead, variation in craniofacial orientation, vascular anatomy and incisor size and inclination were identified as potential mediators of hominoid subnasoalveolar anatomy. Although results of this analysis confirm that many detail of the orangutan subnasal morphology are derived for this taxon, there is only little conclusive evidence to support recent reports that the morphology displayed by Gorilla is primitive for great apes.

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Craniofacial Embryogenesis: Normal Developmental Mechanisms

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

The primate cranial base: Ontogeny, function, and integration

The primate cranial base: Ontogeny, function, and integration

Development of the stapedius muscle and pyramidal eminence in humans

Subnasoalveolar anatomy and hominoid phylogeny: Evidence from comparative ontogeny

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