Craniofacial Asymmetry in Adults With Neglected Congenital Muscular Torticollis

Jeong, Kil-Yong; Min, Kyung-Jay; Woo, Ji-Eun; Yim, Shin-Young

doi:10.5535/arm.2015.39.3.440

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…This study has several strengths. Few reports have investigated the effectiveness of surgical release in patients with neglected CMT [ 6 23 ] or the progression of complications such as pain, craniofacial asymmetry, and skeletal deformities along with aging [ 6 8 12 ]. However, our study is the first to investigate the effectiveness of surgical release for spinal deformities and its correlation with age in patients with neglected CMT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 90% of cases can be treated primarily through stretching exercises, although surgical release of the affected SCM is recommended for resistant cases [ 1 ]. Without adequate treatment, the limitation in the range of motion caused by persistent shortening of the SCM may lead to complications such as pain, spinal deformities, and craniofacial abnormalities [ 6 7 8 9 ]. Cervical scoliosis and lateral tilt of the head and neck are common spinal deformities in patients with CMT [ 5 , 6 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of Surgical Release in Patients With Neglected Congenital Muscular Torticollis According to Age at the Time of Surgery

et al. 2016

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ObjectiveTo identify the correlation between change in spinal deformities after surgical release and age at the time of surgery, and the effectiveness of surgical release in patients with neglected congenital muscular torticollis (CMT).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 46 subjects with neglected CMT who had undergone surgical release at age ≥5 years at a tertiary medical center between January 2009 and January 2014. Spinal deformities were measured on anteroposterior plain radiographs of the cervical and whole spine, both preoperatively and postoperatively, to assess 3 parameters: cervicomandibular angle (CMA), lateral shift (LS), and Cobb angle (CA). We analyzed the change in spinal deformities after surgical release in consideration of age at the time of surgery.ResultsThe median age at the time of surgery was 12.87 years. All 3 parameters showed significant improvement after surgical release (median values, pre- to post-surgery: CMA, 12.13° to 4.02°; LS, 18.13 mm to 13.55 mm; CA, 6.10° to 4.80°; all p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between age at the time of surgery and change in CMA (R=0.145, p=0.341) and LS (R=0.103, p=0.608). However, CA showed significant improvement with increasing age (R=0.150, p=0.046).ConclusionWe assessed the correlation between change in spinal deformities after surgical release and age at the time of surgery. We found that that surgical release is effective for spinal deformities, even in older patients. These findings enhance our understanding of the effectiveness and timing of surgical release in patients with neglected CMT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Surgical Release in Patients With Neglected Congenital Muscular Torticollis According to Age at the Time of Surgery

et al. 2016

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“…However, long-standing, untreated CMT can lead to permanent cranial and facial deformities and asymmetry (2). In addition to pain and a limitation of neck movement that might last forever (3), typical facial deformities include frontal bone depression, zygomatic bones asymmetry, a posteriorly positioned ear on the affected side, and deviation of the chin to the other side.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Versatility of Cervical Vertebral Segmentation in Detection of Positional Changes in Patient with Long Standing Congenital Torticollis

Hussein¹,

Kim²

2016

Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery

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BackgroundZZCongenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a benign condition. With early diagnosis and appropriate management, it can be cured completely, leaving no residual deformity. However, long-standing, untreated CMT can lead to permanent craniofacial deformities and asymmetry. MethodsZZNineteen patients presented to the author with congenital muscular torticollis. Three dimensional computed tomography (3-D CT) scans was obtained upon patient's admission. Adjustment of skull's position to Frankfort horizontal plan was done. Cervical vertebral segmentation was done which allowed a 3D module to be separately created for each vertebra to detect any anatomical or positional changes. ResultsZZThe segmented vertebrae showed an apparent anatomical changes, which were most noticeable at the level of the atlas and axis vertebrae. These changes decreased gradually till reaching the seventh cervical vertebra, which appeared to be normal in all patients. The changes in the atlas vertebra were mostly due to its intimate relation with the skull base, while the changes of the axis were the most significant ConclusionZZCervical vertebral segmentation is a reliable tool for isolation and studying cervical vertebral pathological changes of each vertebra separately. The accuracy of the procedures in addition to the availability of many software that can be used for segmentation will allow many surgeons to use segmentation of the vertebrae for diagnosis and even for preoperative simulation planning.Key WordsZZCongenital muscular torticollis ㆍCervical vertebrae ㆍBone segmentation.

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“…This musculoskeletal asymmetry includes cervical and thoracolumbar scoliosis, craniovertebral abnormalities, and craniofacial asymmetry (Hollier et al, 2000; Cheng et al, 2001; Chate, 2004; Ozer et al, 2004; Kuo et al, 2014; Kim et al, 2015a). Various forms of craniofacial asymmetry include depression of the frontal bone and zygomatic arch on the CMT side, posteriorly positioned ear on the CMT side, deformational plagiocephaly on the non-CMT side, and deviation of the chin toward the non-CMT side (Yu et al, 2004; Lee et al, 2007; Seo et al, 2013; Jeong et al, 2015). Recognition of these musculoskeletal asymmetries is important since these are related to subsequent chronic pain in patients with CMT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ipsilateral Hypertrophy of the Mastoid Process in Surgical Cases of Congenital Muscular Torticollis

Kim

Yim

2019

The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal

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Objective: This study was to investigate ipsilateral hypertrophy of the mastoid process in the patients with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Patients: Children with CMT. Methods: A total of 212 surgical cases of patients with CMT (age: 50.9 ± 44.3 months) and 212 age- and gender-matched controls (age: 50.4 ± 44.2 months) were included. The mastoid process volume was calculated and compared for both groups on the computed tomography axial images. A linear regression analysis was performed between the age and the intrasubject volume difference in the mastoid process. Results: The volume of the mastoid process in the CMT side was significantly larger than that of the non-CMT side in the CMT group (32.2 ± 30.3 cm3 vs 21.9 ± 22.8 cm3; P < .001). In the control group, there was no significant difference between the volume of the right and left mastoid process (21.6 ± 24.6 cm3 vs 21.2 ± 23.8 cm3; P = .472). The intrasubject volume difference in the mastoid process in the CMT group showed a linear increase with the age (adjusted R 2 = 0.286; P < .001), and the volumetric asymmetry of the mastoid process became more severe over age compared to the control group. Conclusion: We showed ipsilateral hypertrophy of the mastoid process in patients with CMT and demonstrated that the volumetric asymmetry increased with age.

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Craniofacial Asymmetry in Adults With Neglected Congenital Muscular Torticollis

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Effectiveness of Surgical Release in Patients With Neglected Congenital Muscular Torticollis According to Age at the Time of Surgery

Effectiveness of Surgical Release in Patients With Neglected Congenital Muscular Torticollis According to Age at the Time of Surgery

The Versatility of Cervical Vertebral Segmentation in Detection of Positional Changes in Patient with Long Standing Congenital Torticollis

Ipsilateral Hypertrophy of the Mastoid Process in Surgical Cases of Congenital Muscular Torticollis

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