Craniocerebral missile injuries

Abdolvahabi, Ramin M.; Dutcher, Steven A.; Wellwood, Jody; Michael, Daniel B.

doi:10.1179/016164101101198361

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Antibiotics may be continued if there are contrast-enhancing lesions in the brain. [22,27] Headache, neurological deficits and seizures may be the symptoms of sinking skin flap syndrome in patients with large cranial defects. [3,10,17,22,28] These defects should be closed using synthetic materials, such as methyl methacrylate, porous polyethylene or titanium.…”

Section: Duraplasty 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Factors in Craniocerebral Gunshot Wounds: Analysis of 30 Patients from the Neurosurgical Viewpoint

Kirik

Yaşar

Durmaz

2020

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg

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BACKGROUND: Craniocerebral gunshot wounds (CGW) are the most lethal injuries of the cranium. CGW is mostly secondary to military conflicts but may also be seen in civilian life. These injuries also have severe consequences, such as epilepsy, hydrocephalus, infection and late-term cognitive dysfunctions. The present study aims to present our series of CGW and to discuss the prognostic factors and consequences of these injuries. METHODS:The data of patients who were treated in our department for CGW between 2011 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed in this study. The injury type, wounding site, surgical management and outcomes were analyzed. Radiological evaluation was also performed. RESULTS:Thirty patients were treated with the diagnosis of CGW. All of the patients were male and the mean age was 27.9 years. The frontal lobe was affected in 12 (40%) patients, while temporal lobe in eight, occipital lobe in six, parietal lobe in three, and posterior fossa in one patients. Twenty-three patients underwent surgical treatment, seven patients were treated conservatively. Thirteen (43.3%) patients died despite the treatment. CONCLUSION:Mortality in CGW is high. Ventricular injuries, bihemispheric or midline injuries, perforating injuries, brain stem injuries and low GCS score at admission are prognostic factors for CGW. Appropriate management is mandatory to obtain a better clinical outcome.

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Section: Duraplasty 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Factors in Craniocerebral Gunshot Wounds: Analysis of 30 Patients from the Neurosurgical Viewpoint

Kirik

Yaşar

Durmaz

2020

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg

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“…TBI can result from a deep penetrating wound into the skull that injures brain tissue 3 . However, other forms of TBI include severe blows to the skull from falls or gunshot 4 . Such wounds involve penetration or concussion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 However, other forms of TBI include severe blows to the skull from falls or gunshot. 4 Such wounds involve penetration or concussion. It is challenging in the laboratory to mimic the pathology encountered in clinical cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebrolysin reduces blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability change, brain pathology, and functional deficits following traumatic brain injury in the rat

Sharma

Zimmermann-Meinzingen

Johanson

2010

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) induce profound breakdown of the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers (BCSFB), brain pathology/edema, and sensory-motor disturbances. Because neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), are neuroprotective in models of brain and spinal cord injuries, we hypothesized that a combination of neurotrophic factors would enhance neuroprotective efficacy. In the present investigation, we examined the effects of Cerebrolysin, a mixture of different neurotrophic factors (Ebewe Neuro Pharma, Austria) on the brain pathology and functional outcome in a rat model of TBI. TBI was produced under Equithesin (3 mL/kg, i.p.) anesthesia by making a longitudinal incision into the right parietal cerebral cortex. Untreated injured rats developed profound disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to proteins, edema/cell injury, and marked sensory-motor dysfunctions on rota-rod and grid-walking tests at 5 h TBI. Intracerebroventricular administration of Cerebrolysin (10 or 30 microL) either 5 min or 1 h after TBI significantly reduced leakage of Evans blue and radioiodine tracers across the BBB and BCSFB, and attenuated brain edema formation/neuronal damage in the cortex as well as underlying subcortical regions. Cerebrolysin-treated animals also had improved sensory-motor functions. However, administration of Cerebrolysin 2 h after TBI did not affect these parameters significantly. These observations in TBI demonstrate that early intervention with Cerebrolysin reduces BBB and BCSFB permeability changes, attenuates brain pathology and brain edema, and mitigates functional deficits. Taken together, our observations suggest that Cerebrolysin has potential therapeutic value in TBI.

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“…Comparative gunshot data are, however, available from studies of ballistic injuries in experimental animals and from human civilians and military personnel (for reviews see e.g. Abdolvahabi et al, 2001;Finnie, 1993;Karger et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Euthanasia of whales: the effect of .375 and .485 calibre roundnosed, full metal-jacketed rifle bullets on the central nervous system of the common minke whale

Oen¹,

Knudsen²

2023

JCRM

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The effect of rifle projectiles used for the euthanasia of stranded or hunted whales has been an issue for debate, in particular in the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and the North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission (NAMMCO). In the Norwegian hunt for common minke whales, 9.3mm, .375 or .458 calibre rifles are used as backup weapons to euthanise whales that are not deemed dead after being hit with a harpoon grenade. When using the rifle, the hunters aim at the brain of the animal. The present study investigates the effects of the two rifle calibres .375 and .458 and round nosed, full-metal jacketed bullets in 29 common minke whales. The whales were examined post mortem shipboard and 22 of the brains were fixed in situ and later subjected to gross and light microscopic examination. The results show that the two types of bullets are fully capable of penetrating the skull and spinal bones of common minke whales and fatally damaging the central nervous system, resulting in immediate or very rapid loss of consciousness.

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Craniocerebral missile injuries

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Prognostic Factors in Craniocerebral Gunshot Wounds: Analysis of 30 Patients from the Neurosurgical Viewpoint

Prognostic Factors in Craniocerebral Gunshot Wounds: Analysis of 30 Patients from the Neurosurgical Viewpoint

Cerebrolysin reduces blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier permeability change, brain pathology, and functional deficits following traumatic brain injury in the rat

Euthanasia of whales: the effect of .375 and .485 calibre roundnosed, full metal-jacketed rifle bullets on the central nervous system of the common minke whale

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