Cranial sutures: a multidisciplinary review

Ieva, Antonio Di; Bruner, Emiliano; Davidson, Jennilee M.; Pisano, Patrizia; Haider, Thomas; Stone, Scellig; Cusimano, Michael D.; Tschabitscher, Manfred; Grizzi, Fabio

doi:10.1007/s00381-013-2061-4

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, the molecular mechanisms governing the formation and maintenance of the sutures separating the intramembranous bones of the skull are poorly understood. Most of our knowledge comes from the more intensively studied calvarial sutures such as the coronal, sagittal and interfrontal, with little known about these processes in facial sutures (Depew et al, 2008; Di Ieva et al, 2013; Holmes, 2012; Morriss-Kay and Wilkie, 2005; Opperman, 2000). Impediments to this understanding are our general ignorance of gene expression across all sutures and of the origins of suture mesenchyme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCL11B expression in intramembranous osteogenesis during murine craniofacial suture development

Holmes

Bakel

Zhou

et al. 2015

Gene Expression Patterns

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Sutures, where neighboring craniofacial bones are separated by undifferentiated mesenchyme, are major growth sites during craniofacial development. Pathologic fusion of bones within sutures occurs in a wide variety of craniosynostosis conditions and can result in dysmorphic craniofacial growth and secondary neurologic deficits. Our knowledge of the genes involved in suture formation is poor. Here we describe the novel expression pattern of the BCL11B transcription factor protein during murine embryonic craniofacial bone formation. We examined BCL11B protein expression at E14.5, E16.5, and E18.5 in 14 major craniofacial sutures of C57BL/6J mice. We found BCL11B expression to be associated with all intramembranous craniofacial bones examined. The most striking aspects of BCL11B expression were its high levels in suture mesenchyme and increasingly complementary expression with RUNX2 in differentiating osteoblasts during development. BCL11B was also expressed in mesenchyme at the non-sutural edges of intramembranous bones. No expression was seen in osteoblasts involved in endochondral ossification of the cartilaginous cranial base. BCL11B is expressed to potentially regulate the transition of mesenchymal differentiation and suture formation within craniofacial intramembranous bone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCL11B expression in intramembranous osteogenesis during murine craniofacial suture development

Holmes

Bakel

Zhou

et al. 2015

Gene Expression Patterns

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“…The sutures are formed by a fibrous connective tissue derived from the mesenchyme that exhibits the same behaviour as an ossification growth site, and the sutures grow until the brain reaches its final size (Hall, 2005;Lana-Elola et al, 2007;Mishina and Snider, 2014;Morriss-Kay and Wilkie, 2005;Opperman, 2000). Sometimes, sutures present accessory ossification centres that generate isolated bones (sutural or wormian bones, Di Ieva et al, 2013). Remodelling, unlike modelling, replaces old bone by new one (Bayliss et al, 2011;Enlow, 1963;Martínez-Maza et al, 2006;McFarlin, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Investigating histomorphological variations in human cranial bones through ontogeny

Gil

Cambra‐Moo

Gil

et al. 2016

Comptes Rendus Palevol

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a b s t r a c tThrough ontogeny, human cranial vault bones undergo differentiation in terms of their shape, size and tissue maturation. This differentiation is visible at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. Preliminary data from a histological and compartmentalisation exploratory analysis of individuals with different ages suggest differences in the modelling and remodelling patterns through ontogeny. Child vault bones are primarily composed of avascular lamellar bone (largely vascularised), late juvenile or adolescent bones present the largest extension of mineralised areas (highly remodelled) and the lowest vascularisation (diploe is highly reduced), and the adult present highly vascularised bone in which the diploe is again largely extended. During childhood, the existence of an avascular lamellar bone promotes the sealing of the cranium bones surfaces whereas adult vault bones seem to become opened ectocranially due to the remodelling. We discuss the possibility that both effects could be related with the head thermoregulation.

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“…Craniosynostoses and suture dynamics are other essential topics in both fields, being associated with morphogenetic factors involved in pathology and phylogeny (Di Ieva et al, 2013). Endocranial vascularization is another field in which paleoanthropologists and medical doctors share biological interests, taking into consideration the vascular differences described among extant and extinct hominids, and the importance of the same characters in a medical context (Bruner and Sherkat, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional craniology and brain evolution: from paleontology to biomedicine

Bruner

Cuétara²,

Masters

et al. 2014

Front. Neuroanat.

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Anatomical systems are organized through a network of structural and functional relationships among their elements. This network of relationships is the result of evolution, it represents the actual target of selection, and it generates the set of rules orienting and constraining the morphogenetic processes. Understanding the relationship among cranial and cerebral components is necessary to investigate the factors that have influenced and characterized our neuroanatomy, and possible drawbacks associated with the evolution of large brains. The study of the spatial relationships between skull and brain in the human genus has direct relevance in cranial surgery. Geometrical modeling can provide functional perspectives in evolution and brain physiology, like in simulations to investigate metabolic heat production and dissipation in the endocranial form. Analysis of the evolutionary constraints between facial and neural blocks can provide new information on visual impairment. The study of brain form variation in fossil humans can supply a different perspective for interpreting the processes behind neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s disease. Following these examples, it is apparent that paleontology and biomedicine can exchange relevant information and contribute at the same time to the development of robust evolutionary hypotheses on brain evolution, while offering more comprehensive biological perspectives with regard to the interpretation of pathological processes.

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Cranial sutures: a multidisciplinary review

Abstract: Furthering our holistic understanding of the intricate cranial sutural system promises to expand our knowledge and enhance our ability to treat associated anomalies.

Cited by 46 publications

References 100 publications

BCL11B expression in intramembranous osteogenesis during murine craniofacial suture development

BCL11B expression in intramembranous osteogenesis during murine craniofacial suture development

Investigating histomorphological variations in human cranial bones through ontogeny

Functional craniology and brain evolution: from paleontology to biomedicine

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