Cranial Surgery in Ancient Peru

Rifkinson-Mann, Stephanie

doi:10.1227/00006123-198810000-00001

Cited by 95 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…The procedures were probably performed on living subjects rather than postmortem; cases of recovered archaeological finds have yielded crania healed tightly around foreign bodies. 100,104 Similar historical evidence has been found from ancient Celtic, Persian, Turkish, and South American civilizations. 3,32,34,97,106 Few subsequent advances were made in the practice of cranioplasty until Galen (130-200 ad) and Avicenna (980-1037 ad) started using moistened linen over wounds and performed regular dressing changes to promote wound granulation, a practice that was followed for centuries.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

Evolution of cranioplasty techniques in neurosurgery: historical review, pediatric considerations, and current trends

Feroze

Walmsley

Choudhri

et al. 2015

JNS

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Cranial bone repair is one of the oldest neurosurgical practices. Reconstructing the natural contours of the skull has challenged the ingenuity of surgeons from antiquity to the present day. Given the continuous improvement of neurosurgical and emergency care over the past century, more patients survive such head injuries, thus necessitating more than ever before a simple, safe, and durable means of correcting skull defects. In response, numerous techniques and materials have been devised as the art of cranioplasty has progressed. Although the goals of cranioplasty remain the same, the evolution of techniques and diversity of materials used serves as testimony to the complexity of this task. This paper highlights the evolution of these materials and techniques, with a particular focus on the implications for managing pediatric calvarial repair and emerging trends within the field.

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supporting

confidence: 64%

Evolution of cranioplasty techniques in neurosurgery: historical review, pediatric considerations, and current trends

Feroze

Walmsley

Choudhri

et al. 2015

JNS

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“…[1921] Thus, cranioplasty may well be considered to be one of the earliest neurosurgical procedures along with cranial trephinations. However, it was several centuries later, when the first report of cranioplasty by Job Janszoon van Meekeren in 1668, appeared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranioplasty: Indications, procedures, and outcome – An institutional experience

Andrabi¹,

Sarmast²,

Kirmani³

et al. 2017

Surg Neurol Int

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Background:Cranioplasty, the repair of a skull vault defect by insertion of an object (bone or nonbiological materials such as metal or plastic plates), is a well-known procedure in modern neurosurgery. Brain protection and cosmetic aspects are the major indications of cranioplasty. A retroprospective study was conducted for evaluating the indications, materials used, complications, and outcome of cranioplasty.Methods:This study was prospective from August 2013 to September 2015 and retrospective from August 2010 to July 2013. In the retrospective study, patients files were retrieved from the mentioned date (August 2010 to July 2013) from the medical records and the findings were recorded. Abstracted data included age at the time of cranioplasty (years), sex (male or female), medical comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes), indications for craniectomy [Road traffic accident (RTA), fall from height (FFH), hit by stone or cricket ball, physical assault, stroke, infection, shell injury, bullet injury, and intraoperative swelling], laterality of cranioplasty (bilateral, unilateral, or bifrontal), time between craniectomy and cranioplasty (weeks), type of graft (autologous or artificial), type of prosthesis if used (methylmethacrylate, titanium), storage of bone flap if used (subcutaneous or deep freezer), operative time (minutes), and complications fallowing cranioplasty.Results:Of the 236 patients included in the study, maximum were in the age group of 21–30 years i.e., 30.93% (n = 73). Mean age of the patients was 33.44 years. A total of 196 (83.05%) were autologous and 40 (16.95%) were artificial. Out of the 40 patients who underwent artificial cranioplasty, 36 (15.25%) had methylmethacrylate graft and 4 (1.7%) had titanium mesh implant. Bone was not preserved in 16.95% (n = 40), preserved in subcutaneous tissue in abdominal wall in 2.54% (n = 6), and preserved in deep freezer in 80.51% (n = 190) of the patients.Conclusion:Cranioplasty as a procedure is not without complications; however, if performed properly and at proper time with an aseptic technique, good results are achieved

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“…Cranioplasty is a well-established neurosurgical procedure, 25,26 and is commonly used following DC surgery. Although the indications and efficacy of DC remain controversial, a large number of DC procedures are now performed worldwide and so many patients undergo subsequent CP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early or late cranioplasty following decompressive craniotomy for traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Zheng

Spreckelsen

et al. 2018

J Int Med Res

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of early (<3 months) cranioplasty (CP) and late CP (>3 months) on post-operative complications in patients receiving decompressive craniotomy (DC) for traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodsThe Cochrane Library, PubMed and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for studies published prior to May 21, 2017. A meta-analysis examined post-operative overall complication rates, infection rates, subdural fluid collection and operating times according to early and late CP.ResultsOf the initial 1675 references, five studies, all cohort, involving a total of 413 patients, were selected for the review. There was no difference between early and late CP in post-operative overall complication rate (RR=0.68, 95%CI [0.36, 1.29]) and the post-operative infection rate (RR=0.50, 95%CI [0.20, 1.24]) in patients receiving DC for TBI. However, there was a significant difference in post-operative subdural effusion (RR=0.24, 95%CI [0.07, 0.78]) and mean operative time (mean difference = −33.02 min, 95%CI [−48.19, −17.84]) both in favour of early CP.ConclusionsNo differences were found between early and late CP in post-operative overall complications and procedural related infections in patients receiving DC for TBI, but early CP reduced the complication of subdural effusion and the mean operating time. These findings need to be confirmed by large, randomised controlled trials.

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Cranial Surgery in Ancient Peru

Cited by 95 publications

References 0 publications

Evolution of cranioplasty techniques in neurosurgery: historical review, pediatric considerations, and current trends

Evolution of cranioplasty techniques in neurosurgery: historical review, pediatric considerations, and current trends

Cranioplasty: Indications, procedures, and outcome – An institutional experience

Early or late cranioplasty following decompressive craniotomy for traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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