Cranial Nerve Development: Placodal Neurons Ride the Crest

Barlow, Linda A.

doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00734-0

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The precursors of these ganglion cells originate from the neural crest at the level of the hindbrain, i.e., of rhombomeres 1 and 2, but also from the nearby neurogenic trigeminal placode [Begbie and Graham, 2001;Barlow, 2002;Streit, 2004]. The cells from these locations begin to migrate due to integrins, the cell-surface receptors for laminin and fibronectin in the extracellular matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemistry of Displaced Sensory Neurons in the Trigeminal Nerve Root

Marinković¹,

Ćetković

Gibo

et al. 2009

Cells Tissues Organs

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The aim of this study was to examine the morphology and the immunohistochemical features of displaced ganglion cells in the trigeminal nerve root (TNR). Forty human TNRs of 20 persons, obtained during routine autopsy in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, were examined following Klüver-Barrera and azan trichrome histological staining, and immunohistochemical reactions against certain neuronal markers, neuropeptides and neurotransmitters. A total number of 61 displaced neurons were investigated, which were present in 80% of individuals studied. Displaced neurons were found in 55.0% of the TNRs, either in the sensory portion (22.5%), motor portion (22.5%) or both (10.0%). Neuronal diameter varied from 12.5 × 25.0 to 45.0 × 63.7 (mean 27.6 × 41.6) µm, and in area between 245 and 2,065 (mean 927) µm². Each neuron was surrounded by 2–17 elongated satellite cells per slice. The immune reaction was positive in all the neurons studied for neuron-specific enolase, protein gene product 9.5, neurofilament protein and synaptophysin, and in some neurons for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP; 24.4%), cholecystokinin (CCK; 13.3%), somatostatin (SST; 17.8%), substance P (SP; 15.6%), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (4.4%), neuropeptide Y (8.9%), and serotonin (11.1%). The immune reactions were most frequent against the CGRP, SP, CCK and SST. We concluded that displaced neurons in the TNR morphologically and immunohistochemically resembled the sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemistry of Displaced Sensory Neurons in the Trigeminal Nerve Root

Marinković¹,

Ćetković

Gibo

et al. 2009

Cells Tissues Organs

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“…The second wave of r4-NCC condenses lateral to the neural tube and gives rise to glia of the facio-acoustic ganglion complex (7/8G) (Baker et al, 1997; Kontges and Lumsden, 1996). All glia cells in this ganglion are derived from NCCs, whereas almost all neurons originate from ectodermal placodes (Barlow, 2002). The defects in NCC-derivatives in Hoxa1 −/− mice lead to the hypothesis that Hoxa1 might specify the developmental program of cranial neural crest cells (Lufkin et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hoxa1 lineage tracing indicates a direct role for Hoxa1 in the development of the inner ear, the heart, and the third rhombomere

Makki

Capecchi

2010

Developmental Biology

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Loss of Hoxa1 function results in severe defects of the brainstem, inner ear and cranial ganglia in humans and mice as well as cardiovascular abnormalities in humans. Since Hoxa1 is expressed very transiently during an early embryonic stage, it has been difficult to determine whether Hoxa1 plays a direct role in the precursors of the affected organs or if all defects result from indirect effects due to mispatterning of the hindbrain. In this study we use a Hoxa1-IRES-Cre mouse to genetically label the early Hoxa1-expressing cells and determine their contribution to each of the affected organs, allowing us to conclude in which precursor tissue Hoxa1 is expressed. We found Hoxa1 lineage-labeled cells in all tissues expected to be derived from the Hoxa1 domain, such as the facial and abducens nuclei and nerves as well as r4 neural crest cells. Additionally, we detected the lineage in derivatives that were not thought to have expressed Hoxa1 during development. In the brainstem the anterior border of the lineage was found to be in r3, which is more anterior than previously reported. We also observed an interesting pattern of the lineage in the inner ear, namely a strong contribution to the otic epithelium with the exception of sensory patches. Moreover, lineage-labeled cells were detected in the atria and outflow tract of the developing heart. In conclusion, Hoxa1 lineage-tracing uncovered new domains of Hoxa1 expression in rhombomere 3, the otic epithelium and cardiac precursors, suggesting a more direct role for Hoxa1 in development of these tissues than previously believed.

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“…Intriguingly, Hamburger also observed after extirpation of the placodal area new formation of placodal type cells, suggesting regeneration potential of the placode. Other studies showed the importance of the neural crest cells in correct migration of the placodal cells and axons to their target innervation fields (Barlow, 2002). The molecular mechanisms steering the cranial nerve development are being decrypted in the last decade.…”

Section: Embryologic Considerations In the Trigeminal Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological aspects of the trigeminal sensory system: an update

Cruyssen

Politis

2018

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractThe trigeminal system is one of the most complex cranial nerve systems of the human body. Research on it has vastly grown in recent years and concentrated more and more on molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology, but thorough reviews on this topic are lacking, certainly on the normal physiology of the trigeminal sensory system. Here we review the current literature on neurophysiology of the trigeminal nerve from peripheral receptors up to its central projections toward the somatosensory cortex. We focus on the most recent scientific discoveries and describe historical relevant research to substantiate further. One chapter on new insights of the pathophysiology of pain at the level of the trigeminal system is added. A database search of Medline, Embase and Cochrane was conducted with the search terms ‘animal study’, ‘neurophysiology’, ‘trigeminal’, ‘oral’ and ‘sensory’. Articles were manually selected after reading the abstract and where needed the article. Reference lists also served to include relevant research articles. Fifty-six articles were included after critical appraisal. Physiological aspects on mechanoreceptors, trigeminal afferents, trigeminal ganglion and central projections are reviewed in light of reference works. Embryologic and anatomic insights are cited where needed. A brief description of pathophysiology of pain pathways in the trigeminal area and recent advances in dental stem cell research are also discussed. Neurophysiology at the level of the central nervous system is not reviewed. The current body of knowledge is mainly based on animal and cadaveric studies, but recent advancements in functional imaging and molecular neuroscience are elucidating the pathways and functioning of this mixed nerve system. Extrapolation of animal studies or functioning of peripheral nerves should be warranted.

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Cranial Nerve Development: Placodal Neurons Ride the Crest

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Immunohistochemistry of Displaced Sensory Neurons in the Trigeminal Nerve Root

Immunohistochemistry of Displaced Sensory Neurons in the Trigeminal Nerve Root

Hoxa1 lineage tracing indicates a direct role for Hoxa1 in the development of the inner ear, the heart, and the third rhombomere

Neurophysiological aspects of the trigeminal sensory system: an update

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