Cranial base length in pediatric populations with sleep disordered breathing: A systematic review

Abtahi, Sahar; Phuong, Ashley; Major, Paul W.; Flores‐Mir, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.09.002

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A potential contribution of dentists to pediatric OSA screening is identifying craniofacial features associated with the disease. Crosssectional and case-control studies assessing upper airway dimensions, position and size of craniofacial bones, dental arches, teeth, and soft facial features through lateral cephalogram, 4,8,9 clinical evaluation, 10,11 and photographic measurements 3 have explored this association.…”

Section: Craniofacial Features and Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea—Dental professionals can play a crucial role

Fagundes

Flores-Mir

2021

Pediatric Pulmonology

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The significant contribution of dental professionals to the management of selected adult obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) cases is understood. Among children, it has also been suggested that dental professionals may also help screen and manage this morbidity in selected cases. It has also been noted that our understanding of pediatric OSA lags significantly behind adult OSA. During the screening process for potential pediatric OSA cases, dental professionals may be quite helpful as specific craniofacial abnormalities have been previously associated with pediatric OSA, including Class II malocclusion, vertical facial growth and maxillary transversal deficiency. As dental professionals assess children more frequently than physicians, they can help screen sleep‐disordered breathing signs and symptoms using validated questionnaires. In more advanced cases, orthodontists may be leading contributors to the management of selected cases where a craniofacial involvement is suspected. Rapid maxillary expansion and mandibular or maxillary anterior repositioning devices have been proposed as managing alternatives. So far, there is no substantial evidence if these approaches can be adopted to treat OSA fully or if the reported OSA signs and symptoms improvements observed in a selected group of patients are stable long‐term. Nevertheless, dentists and orthodontists' integration into a transdisciplinary team should be encouraged to play a significant role. This review discusses dentists or orthodontists' potential contribution to screen and manage selective pediatric OSA patients as part of a transdisciplinary team.

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Section: Craniofacial Features and Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apneamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea—Dental professionals can play a crucial role

Fagundes

Flores-Mir

2021

Pediatric Pulmonology

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“…The development of the cranial base influences the growth of the head and face regions. A shorter cranial base has been associated with a vertical growth patten and may play a role in OSA in children (17). However, some other contradictory studies do not support such relationships (18,19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniofacial and upper airway morphological characteristics associated with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea in Chinese children

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

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ObjectivesTo identify craniofacial and upper airway morphological characteristics associated with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children.MethodsThis study consisted of 82 OSA children and 77 controls (age 5–10 years). All subjects underwent cephalograms and were divided into a 5–7 age group and an 8–10 age group. Cephalometric variables were compared between OSA children and controls, and hierarchical regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between cephalometric variables and OSA severity [expressed by the obstructive apnea–hypopnea index (OAHI)] in different age groups.ResultsIncreased A/N ratio, narrowed posterior airway space, decreased SNA and SNB angles, and shortened ramus height were observed among OSA children in different age groups. In the 5–7 age group, the A/N ratio and a lower gonial angle explained 40.0% and 14.7% of the variance in the OAHI, respectively. In the 8–10 age group, the BMI z-score and A/N ratio explained 25.2% and 6.6% of the variance in the OAHI, followed by a lower gonial angle and the hyoid-retrognathion distance (19.1% in total).ConclusionsAdenoid hypertrophy was a major factor associated with OSA in preschool children, whereas obesity replaced adenoid hypertrophy as the main contributor to OSA in late childhood. Several craniofacial skeletal variables such as the SNB angle, ramus height, lower gonial angle, and hyoid position are also associated with the presence and/or severity of OSA, which could be used to help recognize children at a higher risk for OSA.

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“…Macroglossia, midface hypoplasia, mandibular and maxillary retrognathia, maxillary constriction, short cranial base length, elevated total and lower anterior facial heights and a more anterior and inferior location of the hyoid bone are anatomical and craniofacial characteristics that have been correlated with upper airway narrowing and SDB in children. [ 20 21 22 23 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep-disordered breathing among Saudi children seeking orthodontic treatment

Ehaideb

Almufadhi

Alhassn

et al. 2021

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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Aims: The aim of this research is to assess the prevalence of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and evaluate the risks and symptoms in children seeking orthodontic treatment in a Saudi dental center. Settings and Design: It is a cross-sectional survey-based study. Methods and Material: Pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) was used to survey 285 children and adolescents aged 5 to 18 years old who are undergoing orthodontic screening in a Saudi Dental Center. Statistical Analysis Used: PSQ scores were tested with multiple variables including gender, parents' education, academic performance using Mann-Whitney-U test. Correlation of study sample scores with age were calculated using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rho). Results: In this study 136 (47.7%) of the participants were deemed to be high risk for developing SDB and 149 (52.3%) were low risk, males were significantly at higher risk compared to females ( P ≤ 0.05) . Participants with previous adenoidectomy surgery were more likely to be identified as high-risk for SDB (P-value = 0.000) as well as participants with a family history of snoring (P-value = 0.000) . Conclusions: Sleep disordered breathing was prevalent among Saudi children seeking orthodontic therapy, it is important to screen children and adolescents in dental pediatric and orthodontic clinics for SDB risk as this is a prevalent disorder among this population, early detection of SDB will improve patients' quality of life and prevent future complications associated to this disorder.

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Cranial base length in pediatric populations with sleep disordered breathing: A systematic review

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea—Dental professionals can play a crucial role

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea—Dental professionals can play a crucial role

Craniofacial and upper airway morphological characteristics associated with the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea in Chinese children

Sleep-disordered breathing among Saudi children seeking orthodontic treatment

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