Cranes

Retrospective Study of Intertarsal Joint Inflammation in Avian Species From a Zoological Institution

“…Therefore, care should be taken to prevent or reduce joint injuries during physical restraint. 5 The unique features of the intertarsal joint, which remains mostly in an extended state to provide columnar support for the significant trunk mass, 3 could account for its fragility given the forces to which it is subjected, particularly in long-legged birds. Located near the vertical midpoint of the elongated distal limb, it lacks encapsulating musculature, 3 making it vulnerable to trauma.…”

“…1 In the authors' experience, chronic inflammation of the intertarsal joint is challenging to treat, and choosing the most appropriate therapeutic plan requires precise knowledge of its complex anatomy. Although this condition is frequently encountered by the authors, only limited information on the condition is available in the scientific literature, 4,5 and it is primarily focused on acute trauma and orthopedic management of this joint. 1,6,7 The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of intertarsal inflammatory conditions in 1 institution over a 5-year period, identify associated risk factors and prognostic indicators, evaluate outcome, and review implemented treatments.…”

“…1,6,7 The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of intertarsal inflammatory conditions in 1 institution over a 5-year period, identify associated risk factors and prognostic indicators, evaluate outcome, and review implemented treatments. Our hypotheses were that 1) long-legged birds would be more affected 5 because of their straight standing angle and the torque applied to the intertarsal joint given the length of the bones, 2) participation in a bird show would be a significant risk factor because of the increased physical activity and repeated trauma experienced during landing, and 3) young animals would be more affected because of their less developed musculoskeletal structures.…”

“…In the authors' experience, chronic inflammation of the intertarsal joint is challenging to treat, and choosing the most appropriate therapeutic plan requires precise knowledge of its complex anatomy. Although this condition is frequently encountered by the authors, only limited information on the condition is available in the scientific literature, 4,5 and it is primarily focused on acute trauma and orthopedic management of this joint. 1,6,7…”

The Miocene La Venta Biome (Colombia): A century of research and future perspectives

“…Two samples correspond to distal ulnae of two individuals of different sizes and unknown taxonomic affinities. A third sample corresponds to a proximal tarsometatarsal fragment of a larger individual possibly referable to the family Gruidae (cranes), whose extant species are apparently absent from South America and Antarctica (Olsen 2009). A distal fragment of a tiobiotarsal of a gruiform bird was identified in an Early Miocene locality (MD-61) in southern Peru (Marivaux et al 2012).…”