“…The mechanism exploited by the vote buyer in our model relies on pivotality and is not present in the literature on vote‐buying with expressive preferences, e.g., in Zápal (2017), members' responses to a bribe are uncertain, but pivotal considerations are absent because members do not take into account the effect of their vote on the outcome. Groseclose and Snyder (1996), Banks (2000), Dekel, Jackson, and Wolinsky (2008), Morgan and Várdy (2011), and Iaryczower and Oliveros (2017) also assume expressive preferences and introduce a second vote buyer.…”