Cracking in paintings due to relative humidity cycles

Wood, Joseph D.; Gauvin, Cécilia; Young, Christina; Taylor, A. C.; Balint, Daniel S.; Charalambides, M.N.

doi:10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.063

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…A channelling crack may kink at the interface between the paint layer and the substrate, generating interfacial delamination. This mechanism has also been identified in paintings (Crook and Learner 2000;Young 2007), and its occurrence under the influence of relative humidity cycles has been investigated in Tantideeravit et al (2013), Wood et al (2018). If the delamination is unstable such that it grows without limit, it may ultimately lead to spallation or flaking of the paint material, as reported in Brewer andForno (1997), O'Donoghue et al (2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Crack channelling mechanisms in brittle coating systems under moisture or temperature gradients

2020

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Crack channelling is predicted in a brittle coating-substrate system that is subjected to a moisture or temperature gradient in the thickness direction. Competing failure scenarios are identified, and are distinguished by the degree to which the coating-substrate interface delaminates, and whether this delamination is finite or unlimited in nature. Failure mechanism maps are constructed, and illustrate the sensitivity of the active crack channelling mechanism and associated channelling stress to the ratio of coating toughness to interfacial toughness, to the mismatch in elastic modulus and to the mismatch in coefficient of hygral or thermal expansion. The effect of the ratio of coating to substrate thickness upon the failure mechanism and channelling stress is also explored. Closed-form expressions for the steady-state delamination stress are derived, and are used to determine the transition value of moisture state that leads to unlimited delamination. Although the results are applicable to coating-substrate systems in a wide range of applications, the study focusses on the prediction of cracking in historical paintings due to indoor climate fluctuations, with the objective of helping museums developing strategies for the preservation of art objects. For this specific application, crack channelling with delamination needs to be avoided under all circumstances, as it may induce flaking of paint material. In historical paintings, the substrate thickness is typically more than ten times larger than the thickness of the paint layer; for such a system, the failure maps constructed from the numerical simulations indicate that paint delamination is absent if the delamination toughness is larger than approximately half of the mode I toughness of the paint layer. Further, the transition between crack channelling with and without delamination appears to be relatively insensitive to the mismatch in the elastic modulus of the substrate and paint layer. The failure maps developed in this work may provide a useful tool for museum conservators to identify the allowable indoor humidity and temperature fluctuations for which crack channelling with delamination is prevented in historical paintings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Crack channelling mechanisms in brittle coating systems under moisture or temperature gradients

2020

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“…As shown in Fig. 2 , a fatigue damage variable, D c , which will degrade the element stiffness under cyclic loading is introduced [11][12][13] . When D c = 0 , the irreversible traction-separation law is reduced to the standard definition of the traction-separation law and cohesive zone models.…”

Section: The Irreversible Cohesive Zone Model (Iczm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the materials in the wood panel swell and shrink while gaining and losing moisture, panel paintings are subjected to a cyclic load when kept in a semi or uncontrolled environment. This continual cycling over tens to hundreds of years may lead to fatigue as a possible cause of crack initiation and propagation [11][12][13][14][15] . Bosco et al [ 14 , 15 ] studied RH-induced cracks in an oil paint layer, but this did not take into consideration the effect of varying RH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Roe and Siegmund [16] proposed an irreversible cohesive zone (ICZ) model to enable the FE simulation of low cyclic fatigue. Tantideeravit et al [11] and Wood et al [12] used Roe and Siegmund's ICZ model to predict the initiation time of interfacial and channelling cracks using 2-dimentional models for modern paintings that have some layers executed in alkyd paint. More recently, Zhang et al [13] extended the application of the ICZ to 3-dimensional models for alkyd paintings and proposed a method for predicting the initiation time and crack growth rate of the two types of crack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Numerical Model for Predicting the Time for Crack Initiation in Wood Panel Paintings Under Low-Cycle Environmentally Induced Fatigue

et al. 2022

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“…The damage behaviour of the ground and paint layers, i.e. inside these layers and interfacial cracks, is considered by cohesive material formulations (Tantideeravit et al 2013;Wood et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Icon Last Supper of the Iconostasis of the Russian Memorial Church in Leipzig: Technological Investigation as Basis for the Modelling and the Numerical Simulation of Historical Works of Art

Herm

Tietze

Belik

et al. 2021

Studies in Conservation

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In this work, the results of a detailed art technological investigation of the icon Last Supper from the Russian Memorial Church in Leipzig (Germany) are presented. The icons of the iconostasis of the church were made in the workshop of N.S. Emelyanov in Moscow in 1912. The investigation showed that the painter in principle technologically adhered to the traditional way of making icons. The panel is made of boards of lime wood with two crossbars on the reverse. The paint was applied to a chalk ground over a textile layer. The traditional iconographer's palette was expanded by a few contemporary pigments. The binding agent is classic egg tempera. Originally, the layers of paint had an oil varnish (olifa). The main aim of the project VirtEx, introduced in this paper, is to expand existing methods with numerical material and structural models to be able to predict quantitatively the behaviour of wooden artefacts under loads due to climate changes as well as mechanical loads. The detailed art technological investigation provides the required data for the computer models. The numerical data can then be validated with technologically exact copies and replicas. In the introduction to the article, the current state of research on icon painting techniques is also outlined.

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Cracking in paintings due to relative humidity cycles

Cited by 12 publications

References 10 publications

Crack channelling mechanisms in brittle coating systems under moisture or temperature gradients

Crack channelling mechanisms in brittle coating systems under moisture or temperature gradients

A Numerical Model for Predicting the Time for Crack Initiation in Wood Panel Paintings Under Low-Cycle Environmentally Induced Fatigue

The Icon Last Supper of the Iconostasis of the Russian Memorial Church in Leipzig: Technological Investigation as Basis for the Modelling and the Numerical Simulation of Historical Works of Art

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