Cracking catalyst additives for sulfur removal from FCC gasoline

Andersson, Paula; Pirjamali, M.; Järås, Sven; Boutonnet-Kizling, Magali

doi:10.1016/s0920-5861(99)00144-3

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Decreasing selectivity toward normal alkane products with increasing coke yield during cracking of isooctane on a USY zeolite catalyst has been observed previously [14]. Mn/7-alumina catalyst formulations have been reported to give high selectivities to light hydrocarbons in oil cracking [8]. Comparison of Fig.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Gas And Liquid Product Streamssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Two different types of cracking catalysts were studied: acidic zeolite catalysts, which are often used in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) processes, and a Mn/alumina formulation that has been reported in the literature to give high lights yield with low selectivity to coke [8]. ZSM-5 type (MFI) zeolite (Zeolyst.CBV5524G, Si0 2 /Al 2 0 3 ratio of 50, NH4+ cation, 0.05 wt.% Na20, 425 m 2 /g surface area) and Beta type (BEA) zeolite (Zeolyst CP814E, Si0 2 /Al 2 0 3 ratio of 25, NH4 4 " cation, 0.05 wt.% Na 2 0, 680m 2 /g surface area) were obtained from the vendor as extrudate pellets.…”

Section: Catalyst Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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JP-8 catalytic cracking for compact fuel processors

Campbell

Shaaban

Holcomb

et al. 2004

Journal of Power Sources

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Section: Characterization Of the Gas And Liquid Product Streamssupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Catalyst Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

JP-8 catalytic cracking for compact fuel processors

Campbell

Shaaban

Holcomb

et al. 2004

Journal of Power Sources

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“…A literature survey repeatedly showed that Al 2 O 3 and Fe 2 O 3 had catalytic activity for removing and polymerizing sulfur on the surface of these materials (Balko et al, 2000;Andersson et al, 1999;Cheng et al, 1997). In the presence of a hydrogen environment, this catalytic activity could result in the formation of H 2 S that could readily be removed by any of the active components for syngas desulfurization.…”

Section: Sorbent Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Vapor-Phase Process for Deep Desulfurization of Naphtha/Diesel

Turk¹,

Gupta²,

Gangwal³

2003

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Tier 2 regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) require a substantial reduction in the sulfur content of gasoline. Similar regulations have been enacted for the sulfur level in on-road diesel and recently off-road diesel. The removal of this sulfur with existing and installed technology faces technical and economic challenges. These challenges created the opportunity for new emerging technologies. Research Triangle Institute (RTI) with subcontract support from Kellogg Brown & Root, Inc., (KBR) used this opportunity to develop RTI's transport reactor naphtha desulfurization (TReND) process. Starting with a simple conceptual process design and some laboratory results that showed promise, RTI initiated an accelerated research program for sorbent development, process development, and marketing and commercialization. Sorbent development has resulted in the identification of an active and attrition resistant sorbent that has been prepared in commercial equipment in 100 lb batches. Process development has demonstrated both the sulfur removal performance and regeneration potential of this sorbent. Process development has scaled up testing from small laboratory to pilot plant transport reactor testing. Testing in the transport reactor pilot plant has demonstrated the attrition resistance, selective sulfur removal activity, and regeneration activity of this sorbent material. Marketing and commercialization activities have shown with the existing information that the process has significant capital and operating cost benefits over existing and other emerging technologies. The market assessment and analysis provided valuable feedback about the testing and performance requirements for the technical development program. This market analysis also provided a list of potential candidates for hosting a demonstration unit. Although the narrow window of opportunity generated by the new sulfur regulations and the conservative nature of the refining industry slowed progress of the demonstration unit, negotiations with potential partners are proceeding for commercialization of this process.v Sulfur speciation of feed and product naphtha samples 4-4 4-5Effects of hydrogen pretreatment on desulfurization performance of NWA 4-5 4-6 GC chromatograms of the feed and product samples for FCC naphtha multicycle testing in PTR system 4-6 4-7Chromatograms of hydrtreated diesel feed and product effluent with RTI's coprecipitated spray dried sorbents 4-7 4-8Liquid product sulfur concentrations during parametric testing of active component content 4-8 4-9Liquid product sulfur concentrations for parametric testing of sorbent support composition 4-9 4-10 Liquid sulfur product concentrations for multicycle test with RTI-2 4-10 4-11 Effluent sulfur concentration during product collection for product specification analysis 4-11 4-12 ASTM D86 distillation curves for hydrotreated diesel feed and product 4-11 4-13 Sulfur concentration for cumulative liquid product during multicycle testing at 30 and 100 psig 4-13 4-14 ...

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“…doped metal oxides, can reduce the sulfur content in FCC gasoline by 10-30 % with less than 10 wt% of dosage in base FCC catalysts [9,10]. Generally, alumina supported zinc oxide (ZnO/Al 2 O 3 ) are the commonly used components of additives and possess enhanced Lewis acidity which contributes to the adsorption and conversion of sulfur compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This mechanism has been more widely adopted [11]. However, recent research found that additives with mixed metal oxides as supporter, expressed as Mg(Al)O with the varying amounts of alkaline MgO, were also valid for reducing sulfur content of FCC gasoline [10,12,13]. Myrstad et al [12] found Zn/Mg(Al)O additive had an inferior effect in reducing the sulfur content of naphtha to Zn/Al 2 O 3 in the same experimental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of magnesium of Zn–Mg–Al additives on catalytic cracking of VGO and in situ reduction of sulfur in gasoline

Feng

Al‐Megren

et al. 2014

Appl Petrochem Res

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The scope of the present study is to describe the cracking behavior of hydrocarbons and the reduction of sulfur in gasoline in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process using Zn-Mg-Al additives with varying the Mg/Al molar ratios. Experiments have been carried out on a microactivity-test (MAT) reactor using high-sulfur vacuum gas oil (VGO) feed and zinc impregnated Mg-Al spinels as additive and the commercial cracking catalyst. It was found that Zn-Mg-Al additives exhibited enhanced Lewis acidity compared with the corresponding Zn-free Mg-Al spinels. The MAT results indicated that the addition of additives reduced the yields of liquid petroleum gas and coke at low Mg contents but increased the coke yield at high Mg contents. Overall, the additives improved the yields of gasoline and diesel. It has also been shown that the rich Lewis acidity had a positive effect on the conversion of aromatic sulfur species of gasoline and the maximum reduction of gasoline sulfur was achieved with Zn/ Mg 4.0 Al 2 O 3 due to the synergistic effect of basicity and Lewis acidity.

show abstract

Cracking catalyst additives for sulfur removal from FCC gasoline

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

JP-8 catalytic cracking for compact fuel processors

JP-8 catalytic cracking for compact fuel processors

A Novel Vapor-Phase Process for Deep Desulfurization of Naphtha/Diesel

The effects of magnesium of Zn–Mg–Al additives on catalytic cracking of VGO and in situ reduction of sulfur in gasoline

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