Crack Sensor Using Commercial UHF RFID Technology for Metallic Structures

Martínez-Castro, Rosana Elena; Jang, Shinae

doi:10.1061/9780784482230.008

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The COTS UHF RFID tag exhibits different backscatter power signal capabilities when the environment near or within the tag is changed [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. The Friis transmission equation gives the backscattered power of the tag [ 36 ]:

where P r ( ε eff ) is the backscatter power, P t is the reader transmitted power, G R and G T ( ε eff ) are the gain of the reader antenna and tag antenna, d is the reading distance, λ is the wavelength of the carrier, ε eff is the effective dielectric constant of the tag substrate and the material of the structure under test, τ ( ε eff ) is the transmission coefficient calculated by Equation (4). In Equation (5), the backscatter power P r ( ε eff ) is a function of G T ( ε eff ) and τ ( ε eff ).…”

Section: Designs and Applications Of Rfid Sensor Tags In Shmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another concerns the crack propagation causing strain in the substrate and tag antenna. This type of crack sensor has been tested, among others, for a single COTS tag and a 2D array [ 35 , 36 ] on metallic structures, which contributes to the development of RFID sensing systems for steel bridge health monitoring. In [ 38 ], COTS tags were used for passive material identification with different permittivity and crack detection in combination with multi-layer neural networks (MLNN).…”

Section: Designs and Applications Of Rfid Sensor Tags In Shmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the above analysis, the easiest way to ensure anti-metal performance is to adjust the distance between the tag and the metal surface. Polystyrene foam was used as a substrate material in [ 34 , 35 , 36 ] to maximize the COTS tag’s backscatter power. Inevitably, the overall height of the tag is increased, which is inconvenient for sensing purposes.…”

Section: Technical Challenges and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Radio Frequency Identification Sensing Systems for Structural Health Monitoring

et al. 2022

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of large-scale structures during their operational lifespan, such as pipelines, railways and buildings. In the last few years, radio frequency identification (RFID) combined with sensors has attracted increasing interest in SHM for the advantages of being low cost, passive and maintenance-free. Numerous scientific papers have demonstrated the great potential of RFID sensing technology in SHM, e.g., RFID vibration and crack sensing systems. Although considerable progress has been made in RFID-based SHM, there are still numerous scientific challenges to be addressed, for example, multi-parameters detection and the low sampling rate of RFID sensing systems. This paper aims to promote the application of SHM based on RFID from laboratory testing or modelling to large-scale realistic structures. First, based on the analysis of the fundamentals of the RFID sensing system, various topologies that transform RFID into passive wireless sensors are analyzed with their working mechanism and novel applications in SHM. Then, the technical challenges and solutions are summarized based on the in-depth analysis. Lastly, future directions about printable flexible sensor tags and structural health prognostics are suggested. The detailed discussion will be instructive to promote the application of RFID in SHM.

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Section: Designs and Applications Of Rfid Sensor Tags In Shmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Designs and Applications Of Rfid Sensor Tags In Shmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Technical Challenges and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Radio Frequency Identification Sensing Systems for Structural Health Monitoring

et al. 2022

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Close Motion Estimation of UHF-RFID Tagged Objects Based on Electromagnetic Coupling

Bianchi,

Di Giampaolo,

Martinelli

et al. 2024

IEEE J. Radio Freq. Identif.

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We consider the close relative motion of two UHF RFID tags and the problem is the estimation of the distance between the two tags, by measuring the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and the phase of the RFID signal backscattered by one of the two tags. Due to the short distance considered, and hence to the electromagnetic coupling between the antennas, the measured RSSI and phase present a complex and ambiguous dependence on the distance between the tags. The problem is solved through two approaches, based respectively on a Multi-Hypothesis Extended and a Multi-Hypothesis Unscented Kalman Filter (MHEKF and MHUKF). The availability of phase and RSSI allows to mitigate the ambiguity in the problem and to estimate the distance without any information on its initial value. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the approach, with the MHUKF presenting slightly better performances compared to the MHEKF. The proposed setup can be applied in manufacturing, robotics, safety and in any context where the variable distance between two close objects should be monitored.Index Terms-UHF-RFID RSSI and phase measurements, Kalman filtering, Electromagnetic coupling I. INTRODUCTIONP ASSIVE UHF RFID tags are increasingly supporting sensing and localization functions [1], [2], [3], [4] in addition to the usual identification function. For that purpose, specific sensor functionalities are frequently included in the microchip or, as an alternative, sophisticated electromagnetic designs exploiting specific properties of the antennas [5], [6], are used. Falls within this second design methodology the use of electromagnetic coupled pairs of tags, closely spaced, which are sensitive to small reciprocal displacements. In fact, because of mutual coupling, small changes in the relative distance modify the phase and the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) of backscattered signals [7], [8], [9]. This kind of tag is conceived for structural health monitoring being able to measure (or estimate) the enlargement of cracks in structures. They require a strong electromagnetic coupling between the two tags in order to achieve high sensitivity in detecting the movement but, the stronger the coupling, the worse the communication, so a trade-off between sensing and communication needs is essential for their functioning [10],

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