“…The investigations reported in references [ 2 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] found that the hysteresis loop of the material under axial load and shear load is different, and the mechanism of crack initiation and propagation is also different. For pure torsional fatigue, fatigue cracks usually initiate on the surface or near the surface of the specimen, propagating parallel or perpendicular to the torsion axis of the specimen [ 3 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. For solid specimens, some researchers observe that the torsional fatigue global fracture surface present concentric ring-like features, its center is the final rupture region and, moreover, the fatigue crack source is distributed on the specimen’s surface [ 12 , 13 ].…”