Crack growth mechanism of styrene-butadiene rubber filled with silica nanoparticles studied by small angle X-ray scattering

Chang, Aijun; Fu, Kun; Kang, Jian; Ding, Yaxuan; Chen, Zhong‐Ren

doi:10.1039/c5ra26238k

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…The BOZ-rich domains dispersed in the network perform an important function in resisting crack growth, functioning the same as an elastomer in an elastomermodified polymer. 29 Fracture surface of the materials Fracture surface morphologies are shown in Figure 7 to further confirm the effect of BOZ and PTSM on the mechanical properties of BA/BDM resins. The BA/BDM system appears to possess a smooth, river-like fracture surface, indicating typical brittle feature.…”

Section: Mechanical Property Of the Materialsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Preparation and characterization of a novel benzoxazines/bismaleimide/2,2′-diallylbisphenol A blend with multiphase structures

Ning

Yao

Zhou

et al. 2016

High Performance Polymers

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Novel benzoxazine (BOZ)/bismaleimide (BMI)/2,2′-diallylbisphenol A (BA), with a multiphase structure, was successfully prepared under the catalysis of methyl p-toluenesulfonate (PTSM) through reaction-induced phase separation. The curing reaction of BOZ with BMI and ring-opening polymerization of BOZ under the catalysis of PTSM were studied by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry analyses, respectively. Mechanical measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and microanalyses were conducted to assess the toughness and morphology of the composite. The reaction between BOZ and 4,4′-bismaleimidodiphenyl methane (BDM) occurs at a relatively high temperature. The ring-opening reaction of BOZ starts at a low temperature of 100°C because of the catalysis of PTSM. The BOZ/BDM/BA system with an appropriate amount of BOZ significantly improves the impact strength and flexural strength compared with those of the BA/BDM resin. The BOZ/BDM/BA system with PTSM also features high impact strength and flexural strength. Scanning electron microscopy images and energy-dispersive spectroscopy results show that BOZ-rich phase is dispersed in BDM-rich phase in the BOZ/BDM/BA system with PTSM. Thermogravimetric data show that the BOZ/BDM/BA blend with a multiphase structure exhibits superior thermal resistance to those of the BOZ/BDM/BA and BA/BDM resins. The formation mechanism of the ternary system under the catalysis of PTSM is elucidated with Gibbs free energy theory.

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Section: Mechanical Property Of the Materialsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Preparation and characterization of a novel benzoxazines/bismaleimide/2,2′-diallylbisphenol A blend with multiphase structures

Ning

Yao

Zhou

et al. 2016

High Performance Polymers

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“…Thus, the “butterfly shape” black negative region is only derived from the filler aggregates of SSBR/TESPT2‐g‐silica, indicating that a fraction of the filler aggregates must exhibit regional rearrangements with preferred orientations. According to our previous work, the low q intensity from filler aggregates tends to split along the stretching direction into the “butterfly shape”. It arises from the nonaffine displacement of the filler aggregates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Nanocavitation in silica filled styrene‐butadiene rubber regulated by varying silica‐rubber interfacial bonding

Cao

Zhou

2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The influence of filler‐matrix interfacial bonding on the nanocavitation of rubber materials has not been explored clearly. We herein report the nanocavitation modes and geometrical features impacted by varying the silica‐styrene‐butadiene rubber interfacial bonding. The interfacial bonding is tuned by grafting different amount of multi‐functional silane coupling agents on to the silica nanoparticles. By using synchrotron radiation small angle X‐ray scattering measurements, 2 major classes of cavitation were detected. When the interfacial strength was weak, fibrillar nanocavitation, with lengths ranging from 120 to 217 nm and diameter of the same order of the particle size, was generated by interfacial decohesion at the particle pores along the stretching direction. After grafting modification, the fibril‐like nanocavitation almost disappears and nanocavitation content decreases first at lower grafting density; then nanocavitation content increases at higher grafting density, where nanocavitation in confined rubber regions dominates. It is finally proposed that nanoparticle interfacial strengthening can change the cavitation mode from interfacial decohesion to confined rubber matrix nanocavitation, which exhibits more favorable prevention of the macroscopic failure by cracking.

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“…In many studies, the fatigue behavior of these compounds has been investigated by means of structural characterization techniques, including SEM [ 32 ], micro-computed X-ray tomography (µCT) [ 33 , 34 , 35 ], and small-angle X-ray scattering [ 36 ]. Huneau et al [ 2 ] investigated the fatigue crack initiation on CB-filled natural rubber and revealed that the predominant crack initiation sites were around CB agglomerates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Silica Specific Surface Area on the Viscoelastic and Fatigue Behaviors of Silica-Filled SBR Composites

et al. 2021

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This work aimed at studying the effect of a silica specific surface area (SSA), as determined by the nitrogen adsorption method, on the viscoelastic and fatigue behaviors of silica-filled styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. In particular, silica fillers with an SSA of 125 m2/g, 165 m2/g, and 200 m2/g were selected. Micro-computed X-ray tomography (µCT) was utilized to analyze the 3D morphology of the fillers within an SBR matrix prior to mechanical testing. It was found with this technique that the volume density of the agglomerates drastically decreased with decreasing silica SSA, indicating an increase in the silica dispersion state. The viscoelastic behavior was evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and hysteresis loss experiments. The fatigue behavior was studied by cyclic tensile loading until rupture enabled the generation of Wöhler curves. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to evaluate the volume strain upon deformation, whereas µCT was used to evaluate the volume fraction of the fatigue-induced cracks. Last, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize, in detail, crack mechanisms. The main results indicate that fatigue life increased with decreasing silica SSA, which was also accompanied by a decrease in hysteresis loss and storage modulus. SEM investigations showed that filler–matrix debonding and filler fracture were the mechanisms at the origin of crack initiation. Both the volume fraction of the cracks obtained by µCT and the volume strain acquired from the DIC increased with increasing SSA of silica. The results are discussed based on the prominent role of the filler network on the viscoelastic and fatigue damage behaviors of SBR composites.

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Crack growth mechanism of styrene-butadiene rubber filled with silica nanoparticles studied by small angle X-ray scattering

Abstract: Crack growth mechanism of styrene-butadiene rubber influenced by silica nanoparticles.

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Preparation and characterization of a novel benzoxazines/bismaleimide/2,2′-diallylbisphenol A blend with multiphase structures

Preparation and characterization of a novel benzoxazines/bismaleimide/2,2′-diallylbisphenol A blend with multiphase structures

Nanocavitation in silica filled styrene‐butadiene rubber regulated by varying silica‐rubber interfacial bonding

Influence of Silica Specific Surface Area on the Viscoelastic and Fatigue Behaviors of Silica-Filled SBR Composites

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