“…7,11 Compared to conventional P92 steel, the 9Cr3W3Co steel offers various improvements by replacing Mo with W, adjusting B and N proportions, and introducing Cu for enhanced precipitation strengthening. 12,13 Extensive research has been conducted on this steel's microstructure and mechanical properties, including heat treatment impact on strength, 9,10 microstructure evolution and toughness, 7,8 tensile deformation behaviors, 14 crack growth behaviors, [15][16][17] low cycle fatigue properties, 18 and creep properties. 12,19,20 These studies provide compelling evidence that the 9Cr3W3Co steel has the potential to meet modern ultra-supercritical (USC) steam turbine requirements.…”