“Crack Ends it all?” A Study of the Interrelations between Crack Cocaine, Social Environments, Social Relations, Crime, and Homicide among Poor, Young Men in Urban Brazil

Ursin, Marit

doi:10.1177/009145091404100203

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…55 Along with suicide, interpersonal violence may be partially addressed via implementation of more stringent gun regulations, 56 although many other social, demographic, and societal factors, such as poverty, education, and drug use, also must be addressed in policies aimed at reducing homicide. 57 , 58 Road injuries, falls, and interpersonal violence are common etiologic causes of traumatic brain injury, a condition that can have significant mortality and morbidity. 59 , 60 Policies requiring seat belts, appropriate use of car seats, and helmets for cyclists can greatly reduce the risk of traumatic brain injury following road injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015

et al. 2017

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Importance Comprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups, including children and adolescents, is essential for improving population health. Objective To quantify and describe levels and trends of mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2015 to provide a framework for policy discussion. Evidence Review Cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes were analyzed for 195 countries and territories by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2015 using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling, with subsequent analysis of the findings to describe levels and trends across geography and time among children and adolescents 19 years or younger. A composite indicator of income, education, and fertility was developed (Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) for each geographic unit and year, which evaluates the historical association between SDI and health loss. Findings Global child and adolescent mortality decreased from 14.18 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 14.09 million to 14.28 million) deaths in 1990 to 7.26 million (95% UI, 7.14 million to 7.39 million) deaths in 2015, but progress has been unevenly distributed. Countries with a lower SDI had a larger proportion of mortality burden (75%) in 2015 than was the case in 1990 (61%). Most deaths in 2015 occurred in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Global trends were driven by reductions in mortality owing to infectious, nutritional, and neonatal disorders, which in the aggregate led to a relative increase in the importance of noncommunicable diseases and injuries in explaining global disease burden. The absolute burden of disability in children and adolescents increased 4.3% (95% UI, 3.1%-5.6%) from 1990 to 2015, with much of the increase owing to population growth and improved survival for children and adolescents to older ages. Other than infectious conditions, many top causes of disability are associated with long-term sequelae of conditions present at birth (eg, neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and hemoglobinopathies) and complications of a variety of infections and nutritional deficiencies. Anemia, developmental intellectual disability, hearing loss, epilepsy, and vision loss are important contributors to childhood disability that can arise from multiple causes. Maternal and reproductive health remains a key cause of disease burden in adolescent females, especially in lower-SDI countries. In low-SDI countries, mortality is the primary driver of health loss for children and adolescents, whereas disability predominates in higher-SDI locations; the specific pattern of epidemiological transition varies across diseases and injuries. Conclusions and Relevance Consistent international attention and investment have led to sustained improvements in causes of health loss among children and adolescents in many countries, although progr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015

et al. 2017

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“…To maintain this trust and their networks, it is crucial to avoid (visible) illegal activities, especially violence and property crime (Ursin, 2012;Ursin & Abebe, 2016). However, as demonstrated elsewhere (Ursin, 2014), it is important to emphasize that there is no causal link between crime involvement and social exclusion. Rather, as explored in this article, social exclusion reinforces-and is reinforced by-derogatory images of public discourse, reduced legal livelihood possibilities, and aggressive policing, contributing to further marginalization of the homeless.…”

Section: Subtle Acts Of Social Inclusion In Everyday Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through honest work, relations of inclusion and trust with the surroundings emerge (Ursin, 2014). To maintain this trust and their networks, it is crucial to avoid (visible) illegal activities, especially violence and property crime (Ursin, 2012;Ursin & Abebe, 2016).…”

Section: Subtle Acts Of Social Inclusion In Everyday Encountersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contradictory and Intersecting Patterns of Inclusion and Exclusion of Street Youth in Salvador, Brazil

Ursin

2016

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Drawing on longitudinal qualitative research in Brazil involving participant observation and narrative interviews with young homeless persons, and semi-structured interviews with middle class residents, local businesses, and patrolling police officers, three overlapping yet contradictory dimensions of inclusion and exclusion are developed. First the hegemonic exclusionary discourse that tends to produce stigmatizing labels on poor people in general, and boys and young men on the street in particular, is mapped out. Second, socio-spatial exclusionary mechanisms involving architectural measures, surveillance cameras and violent policing, guarding the neighbourhood from stigmatised 'others' are examined. Third, the less recognised but equally important inclusionary mechanisms, facilitating street life and enabling a sense of belonging among young homeless people are explored. A simplistic and unidimensional conceptualisation of social exclusion is critiqued while demonstrating the multifaceted, intertwined, and contradictory character of homeless people's social relationships with middle class residents, businesses, and police. Furthermore, the exclusion/inclusion dualism that is vivid in the existing literature is questioned. It is suggested that a nuanced picture is vital to increasing our understanding of the everyday lives of homeless populations and that further investigation and theorization of their exclusion as well as inclusion is needed.

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“…Slik kan man lettere oppdage hvordan kjønn, alder, fysisk modenhet og hudfarge påvirker livene deres. Man kan lettere se hvordan annen framtoning, som klesstil, kroppsspråk og talemåte også kan påvirke sosial interaksjon (Ursin, 2012), og hvordan synlig involvering i kriminalitet og bruk av narkotika tidvis endrer karakteren på sosiale relasjoner (Ursin, 2014). Longitudinell etnografi -hvor man følger forskningssubjektene over sted og tid -skaper muligheter til å avdekke hvordan This article is downloaded from www.idunn.no.…”

Section: D) Usynliggjøring Av Det Strukturelleunclassified