Adaptive local refinement is one of the main issues for isogeometric analysis (IGA). In this paper, an adaptive extended IGA (XIGA) approach based on polynomial splines over hierarchical T-meshes (PHT-splines) for modeling crack propagation is presented. The PHT-splines overcome certain limitations of nonuniform rational B-splines-based formulations; in particular, they make local refinements feasible.To drive the adaptive mesh refinement, we present a recovery-based error estimator for the proposed method. The method is based on the XIGA method, in which discontinuous enrichment functions are added to the IGA approximation and this method does not require remeshing as the cracks grow. In addition, crack propagation is modeled by successive linear extensions that are determined by the stress intensity factors under linear elastic fracture mechanics. The proposed method has been used to analyze numerical examples, and the stress intensity factors results were compared with reference results. The findings demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.