Cr(VI) quantification using an amperometric enzyme-based sensor: Interference and physical and chemical factors controlling the biosensor response in ground waters

Colloidal gold nanoparticle probe-based immunochromatographic assay for the rapid detection of chromium ions in water and serum samples

“…A number of methods have been reported for the detection of metal ion, such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and dried-droplet laser ablation ICP-MS[6], carbon composite-PVC based membrane coated platinum electrode[4], amperometric enzyme-based sensor[7], flame atomic absorption spectrometry[8], fluorine-doped graphite pencil electrode[9] and nano-Au/TiO2 photocatalysis reduction device[10]. Despite the high sensitivity and specificity that can be achieved by these methods, they require professional staff and expensive equipment that are difficult to use on-site.…”

Poly(neutral red) based hydrogen peroxide biosensor for chromium determination by inhibition measurements

“…The detection limit was calculated to be 0.09 µM, based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 by Cr(VI) using the HRP/CFE biosensor and 1.6 µM using the HRP/PNR/CFE biosensor, both values being much lower than the 48 µM obtained by inhibition of glucose oxidase immobilised on a poly-o-phenylenediamine platinum electrode, GOx/PPD/Pt [33] and the 3.8 µM obtained by inhibition of Cyt c 3 immobilised on a GCE [34]. A lower detection limit (0.009 µM) than here was achieved by the use of GOx/PANI/Pt, but this electrode is less selective than those developed in this study, since several metal ions such as Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ and Co 2+ interfered with their chromium determination [30].…”

Enzyme‐Based Biosensors: Synthesis and Applications

“…Apart from the toxic compounds mentioned above, enzyme -based biosensors are also extensively used to monitor other some important pollutants, including nitroaromatic compounds [173,174] , heavy metals [31] , and typical infectious agents [42,134] , and have achieved considerable success. However, poor stability of the biosensor and short lifetime, mainly caused by electrode fouling and enzyme inactivation and desorption from immobilization supports, are both very important limitations because such challenges will not only impede biosensor transport, but also increase per -measurement cost.…”

“…Therefore, an enzyme -based biosensor should, in principle, possess the following features: (i) specifi city for target analytes, (ii) stability under normal storage conditions, (iii) reusability and high sensitivity, (iv) accuracy and reproducibility of the response, and (v) reduced cost [19] . Currently, from the practical and application point of view, only several enzyme targets, including glucose [9,27,28] (diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, food science, biotechnology), lactate [28,29] (sports medicine, critical care, food science, biotechnology), urea [30,31] (medical diagnostics, heavy metal monitor), and glutamate/glutamine [32,33] (food science, biotechnology) have received special attention [22] . Those corresponding enzymes were widely coopted in biosensors.…”