Cr-Doped Li2ZnTi3O8 as a High Performance Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Li2ZnTi2.9Cr0.1O8 and Li2ZnTi3O8 were synthesized by the liquid phase method and then studied comparatively using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), galvanostatic charge–discharge testing, cyclic stability testing, rate performance testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that Cr-doped Li2ZnTi3O8 exhibited much improved cycle performance and rate performance compared with Li2ZnTi3O8. Li2ZnTi2.9Cr0.1O8 exhibited a discharge ability of 156.7 and 107.5 mA h g−1 at current densities of 2 and 5 A g−1, respectively. In addition, even at a current density of 1 A g−1, a reversible capacity of 162.2 mA h g−1 was maintained after 200 cycles. The improved electrochemical properties of Li2ZnTi2.9Cr0.1O8 are due to its increased electrical conductivity.

Li2ZnTi3O8anode: design from material to electrode and devices

“…Ti-site replacement is the most popular for LZTO. Various elements have been doped into the 12d site to replace some Ti 4+ ions, such as Ag + , 48 Al 3+ , 49 Fe 3+ , 43 Ti 3+ , 117 Sm 3+ , 90 Cr 3+ , 118,119 Ce 4+ , 120 Nb 5+ , 46,121 Ta 5+ , 91 and Mo 6+ . 28…”

ZrO2 coated Li1.9K0.1ZnTi3O8 as an anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

“…However, the ionic and electronic conductivity of LZTO is relatively poor. To improve the low electrical conductivity of LZTO, the usual modification methods used are surface coating, 17–19 ion doping, 20–25 and structural nanosizing. 26…”

“…Zeng et al 22 added Cr(NO 3 ) 3 to Li 2 ZnTi 3 O 8 to achieve Cr 3+ doping by the liquid phase process. The experimental results suggest that the discharge-specific capacities of Li 2 ZnTi 2.9 Cr 0.1 O 8 were 156.7 and 107.5 mA h g −1 at 2 and 5 A g −1 , respectively.…”

“…However, the ionic and electronic conductivity of LZTO is relatively poor. To improve the low electrical conductivity of LZTO, the usual modication methods used are surface coating, [17][18][19] ion doping, [20][21][22][23][24][25] and structural nanosizing. 26 Zeng et al 22 added Cr(NO 3 ) 3 to Li 2 ZnTi 3 O 8 to achieve Cr 3+ doping by the liquid phase process.…”

“…To improve the low electrical conductivity of LZTO, the usual modication methods used are surface coating, [17][18][19] ion doping, [20][21][22][23][24][25] and structural nanosizing. 26 Zeng et al 22 added Cr(NO 3 ) 3 to Li 2 ZnTi 3 O 8 to achieve Cr 3+ doping by the liquid phase process. The experimental results suggest that the discharge-specic capacities of Li 2 ZnTi 2.9 -Cr 0.1 O 8 were 156.7 and 107.5 mA h g −1 at 2 and 5 A g −1 , respectively.…”