CPT invariance and neutrino physics

Abstract

CPT invariance in neutrino physics has attracted attention after the revival of the hypothetical idea that neutrino and antineutrino might have nonequal masses (m ν = m ν ) when realizing neutrino oscillations as a new sensitive phenomenon to search for the violation of this fundamental symmetry. Moreover, the profound relation between the CPT and Lorentz symmetries turns the studies of CPT and Lorentz invariance violations into the one two-sided problem. We present a guide for non-experts through the literature on neutrino physics. The basic works are reviewed thoroughly while for the other papers only current results or discussion issues are quoted. The review covers, mostly, oscillations of neutrinos, resonant change of their flavors and cosmic neutrino physics to systematize possible evidences of CPT/Lorentz violation in this sector of the Standard Model. ContentsIntroduction 1. The CPT theorem (quotations) 2. Theoretical and experimental status of the CPT 3. General consequences of hypothetical CPT and Lorentz invariance violation in neutrino physics A. CPT and neutrino physics B. Extension of the Standard Model: spontaneous violation of Lorentz invariance and СPТ C. Perturbation-theory formalism for violation of Lorentz invariance, CPT and equivalence principle D. 'Non-standard' violating mechanisms (quantum decoherence, modified dispersion relations) 4. Experimental and observational consequences of CPT and Lorentz invariance violation in neutrino physics E. Perturbative violation of Lorentz invariance and CPT F. Violation of Lorentz invariance and equivalence principle in terrestrial and cosmic neutrino physics G. Manifestations of Lorentz invariance and CPT with 'non-standard' mechanisms in neutrino physics 5. Interpretations of neutrino oscillations based on CPT violation H. False CPT-odd effects in matter I. Neutrino oscillations due to violation of Lorentz invariance J. CPT non-invariant 'ether', quantum decoherence, and LSND anomaly K. Antineutrino vs neutrino oscillation parameters; LSND-anomaly models with m ν = m ν Conclusion References 0 The early version of this article has been published in the Russian journal Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk : U F N , 175, 863 (2005). Although the English translation in Physics-Uspekhi, 48, 825 (2005) was performed by nonexperts, the author has not got possibility to check up proofs carefully because of strict time schedule imposed by the editorial board. Now we present a revised and updated article in English.21 However as it is mentioned, Hawking has stated in his talk at the GR17 (17th Intern. Conf. on General Relativity and Gravitation, Dublin, July 2004) that information is not lost during formation and evaporation of black holes because in all likelihood the true (not the apparent) horizon is never formed. Hawking's claims are discussed in the literature -by the author of [20,21] also within the reference number six in his invited talk of Ref.[108] and, in details, in one of his recent theoretical works (see Section I of Ref. [161]) as well as in Hawking's pape...

Neutrino electromagnetic interactions: A window to new physics

“…This result is a tautology in the theoretical framework in which we are working, because CPT is a fundamental symmetry of any local relativistic Quantum Field Theory (see Greenberg (2006)). However, in some theories beyond the Standard Model small CPT violations can exist (see Tsukerman (2010)), which may be revealed by finding violations of the equalities in Eqs. (3.48) and (3.49).…”