CPR-IR is an insulin resistance index that is minimally affected by hepatic insulin clearance—A preliminary research

Okura, Tomohiro; Nakamura, Ryô; Fujioka, Yohei; Kawamoto-Kitao, Sonoko; Ito, Y.; Matsumoto, Kazuhisa; Shoji, Kyoko; Sumi, Keisuke; Matsuzawa, Kazuhiko; Izawa, Shoichiro; Ueta, Etsuko; Kato, Masahiko; Imamura, Teruhiko; Taniguchi, Shin‐ichi; Yamamoto, Kazuhide

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197663

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, CP-IRI calculation is not influenced by artificial insulin levels due to insulin administration. CP-IRI is also minimally affected by hepatic insulin clearance (Okura et al, 2018). Moreover, C-peptide-based index seem to be more related to incident T2DM than insulin-based index (Kim et al, 2016).…”

Section: Laboratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Circulating levels of selected adipokines in women with gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes

Karásek¹,

Krystynik²,

Goldmannová³

et al. 2020

JAB

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Backgrounds: Adiponectin, adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) are adipokines closely associated with insulin resistance. The aim of the study was to compare their levels in women with gestational diabetes (GDM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy controls and determine their relation to metabolic parameters. Methods: Women with GDM, T2DM and healthy women were included in this cross-sectional study. In addition to adipokines, anthropometric, lipid parameters, markers of insulin resistance and glucose control were assessed in all participants. Results: Compared to healthy controls (n = 35) significantly lower levels of adiponectin were detected in women with GDM (n = 50), whereas in women with T2DM (n = 50) higher levels of A-FABP and WISP-1 and lower levels of adiponectin were found. Women with T2DM had also lower levels of adiponectin and higher levels of A-FABP compared to women with GDM. A-FABP and adiponectin were independently associated with levels of triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and C-peptide insulin resistance index. WISP-1 correlated only with waist circumference. Conclusions: Adverse adipokines production reflecting dysfunctional fat tissue is less presented in women with GDM than in women with T2DM, but more expressed compared to healthy women.

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Section: Laboratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Circulating levels of selected adipokines in women with gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes

Karásek¹,

Krystynik²,

Goldmannová³

et al. 2020

JAB

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“…BOOST ® ) drink consisting of 360 calories, 15 g protein, 61.5 g carbs, and 6 g fat in equal aliquots at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 min. Blood samples were collected at 0 (fasting), 15,30,45,60,90, and 120 min after ingesting mixed meal to determine insulin (mIU/ml), DPP-IV (pg/ml), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) (pg/ml), glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 (pg/ml), oxyntomodulin (pg/ml), and peptide YY (pg/ml) levels. All blood samples were centrifuged at 4000 g (at 4 °C) for 5 min, serum separated into aliquots and stored at -80 °C until use.…”

Section: Study Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, as insulin is cleared by the liver, it is likely that HOMA-IR and Matsuda index are influenced by hepatic insulin clearance. Given that Cpeptide does not undergo hepatic clearance, CPR-IR was calculated as a recently proposed index of insulin sensitivity [45]. Fourth, it is possible that we did not observe significant contribution of GLP-1 to the studied indices of insulin secretion as it is known to stimulate insulin secretion only in the presence of very high levels of plasma glucose.…”

Section: Associations Between Gut Hormones and Indices Of Insulin Secmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Hormone Responses to Mixed Meal Test in New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes After Acute Pancreatitis

et al. 2018

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The study was aimed to investigate gut hormone responses to mixed meal test in individuals with new-onset prediabetes or diabetes after acute pancreatitis (cases) compared with healthy controls, and the effect of body fat parameters. A total of 29 cases and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants were given standard mixed meal drink and blood samples were collected to measure dipeptidyl peptidase IV, gastric inhibitory peptide, glucagon like peptide-1, insulin, oxyntomodulin, and peptide YY. Body fat parameters were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Repeated measures and linear regression analyses were conducted in unadjusted and adjusted models. Gastric inhibitory peptide levels were significantly higher whereas oxyntomodulin levels were significantly lower in cases compared with controls in both the unadjusted (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and adjusted (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) models. In cases, liver fat % contributed up to 13.4% (vs. 2.9% in controls) to variance in circulating levels of gastric inhibitory peptide whereas body mass index - up to 20.8% (vs. 9.9% in controls) in circulating levels of oxyntomodulin. New-onset prediabetes/diabetes after acute pancreatitis is characterised by increased levels of gastric inhibitory peptide and decreased levels of oxyntomodulin. Further, liver fat % and body mass index appear to be the body fat parameters that contribute most significantly to gastric inhibitory peptide and oxyntomodulin levels, respectively.

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“…The SUIT, an index of insulin secretion ability in response to postprandial glucose elevation, was calculated using the formula [1500 × fasting CPR/(fasting plasma glucose − 61.7)] [5]. The CPR-IR, an index of insulin resistance, was calculated using the formula [20/(fasting CPR × fasting plasma glucose)] [6]. The HOMA2-%B, an index of insulin secretion ability, was calculated using software [7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concurrent Use of Teneligliptin and Canagliflozin Improves Glycemic Control with Beneficial Effects on Plasma Glucagon and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: A Single-Arm Study

et al. 2019

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IntroductionWe investigated the mechanisms of the glucose-lowering effects of teneligliptin and canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, by monitoring several gastrointestinal peptides using the most appropriate measuring methods during multiple meal tolerance tests (MTTs) and flash glucose monitoring.MethodsTwelve Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the 14-day study. Subjects were treated with teneligliptin 20 mg/day from day 4, followed by a combination tablet of teneligliptin 20 mg and canagliflozin 100 mg (T/C) per day from day 11. MTTs were conducted on days 3 (premedication; Pre), 10 (teneligliptin; T) and 13 (T/C) to evaluate plasma glucose, C-peptide, glucagon, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), active gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin.ResultsPlasma glucose was significantly decreased with the progress of treatment intervention, and C-peptide was significantly decreased in T/C compared to the others. Plasma postprandial glucagon was increased for 90 min from fasting in Pre, but only for 30 min in T and T/C. Plasma postprandial active GLP-1 was significantly increased in T compared to Pre, and that of T/C was significantly higher than T. Plasma postprandial active GIP was increased in T and T/C compared to Pre. Plasma ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin levels did not change during the treatment.ConclusionTeneligliptin increased incretin hormones and suppressed postprandial glucagon secretion as expected. Concurrent use of canagliflozin and teneligliptin improved glycemic control without increasing postprandial glucagon secretion, and increased postprandial GLP-1 secretion and decreased the required amount of postprandial insulin secretion. The underlying mechanisms may involve canagliflozin’s inhibitory activity against not only SGLT2 but also SGLT1.Trial RegistrationUMIN identifier, UMIN000030043.FundingMitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation and a Grant for Clinical Research from Miyazaki University Hospital.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13300-019-0666-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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CPR-IR is an insulin resistance index that is minimally affected by hepatic insulin clearance—A preliminary research

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Circulating levels of selected adipokines in women with gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes

Circulating levels of selected adipokines in women with gestational diabetes and type 2 diabetes

Gut Hormone Responses to Mixed Meal Test in New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes After Acute Pancreatitis

Concurrent Use of Teneligliptin and Canagliflozin Improves Glycemic Control with Beneficial Effects on Plasma Glucagon and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1: A Single-Arm Study

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