“…Lastly, it reports a variety of fit statistics that allows for more thorough item evaluation (Bond & Fox, 2001;Boone, Staver, & Yale, 2013). A number of researchers have advocated specifically for IRT approaches to be utilized in the development of CS assessments (Werner, Denner, Campe, & Kawamoto, 2012;Winters & Payne, 2005;Zendler, 2019). In addition, utilization of both evidence-centered design for item development and Rasch modeling (a form of IRT) for validation has effectively been used for a focused CS concept inventory (only for control structures understanding) development for grades 7-10 (Mühling, Ruf, & Hubwieser, 2015), and provides an example for this research to utilize.…”