CpG oligodeoxynucleotides modulate innate and adaptive functions of IGM+ B cells in rainbow trout

Simón, Rocío; Díaz‐Rosales, Patricia; Morel, Esther; Granja, Aitor G.; Tafalla, Carolina

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.088

Cited by 4 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…A. salmonicida also increased MHC II expression on the surface of IgM + B cells, similarly to what had been previously reported in response to E. coli LPS 16 or CpGs 18 . In this case, however, only resveratrol and not the MyD88 inhibitor, was capable of significantly reverting this effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In general, it should be noted that, in mammals, innate B cell populations such as B1 or marginal zone (MZ) B cells respond significantly stronger than follicular B cells to stimulation with many TLR agonists 25 . In rainbow trout, naïve IgM + B cells transcribe a broad range of TLRs 15 , being in consequence highly responsive to TLR agonists such as Escherichia coli LPS 16 or CpGs 18 . Furthermore, rainbow trout B cells were recently shown to retain different phenotypical and functional characteristics of mammalian B1 cells such as low IgD and high IgM surface expression, extended survival in cell culture and lack of proliferation upon BCR engagement 26 as well as a strong phagocytic capacity 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Healthy specimens of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of approximately 50-70 g were obtained from Centro de Acuicultura El Molino (Madrid, Spain). As previously described 18,24 , fish were maintained at the Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA) laboratory at 16 ºC with a re-circulating water system and 12:12 h light:dark photoperiod. Fish were fed twice a day with a commercial diet (Skretting, Spain).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rainbow trout were killed by benzocaine (Sigma-Aldrich) overdose and the spleen collected. Single cell suspensions were obtained as previously reported 18,24 Reagents. A MyD88 inhibitor peptide was purchased from Novusbio and used at a concentration of 100 µM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spleen leukocytes seeded in 96-well plates (Nunc) at a cell density of 4 × 10 5 cells/well were incubated with the MyD88 inhibitor peptide (10 µM), with resveratrol (50 µM) or with their respective controls at 20 °C. After 1 h, splenocytes were exposed to inactivated A. salmonicida previously labelled with 1 µM Syto BC Green (Thermo Fischer Scientific) at a cell: bacteria ratio of 1:2 or without bacteria in the case of negative controls and the phagocytosis assay was conducted following a method previously described 18 . After 3 h of incubation at 20 ºC, cells were harvested by gently pipetting and non-ingested beads removed by centrifugation (100 × g for 10 min at 4 ºC) over a cushion of 3% (weight/volume) BSA (Fraction V; Fisher Scientific) in PBS supplemented with 4.5% (weight/volume) D-glucose (Sigma).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aeromonas salmonicida activates rainbow trout IgM+ B cells signalling through Toll like receptors

Soleto¹,

Morel²,

Muñoz-Atienza³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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As B cells are singularly equipped with a B cell receptor (BCR) and a range of innate receptors, they are able to integrate both antigen-specific and innate signals, with the latter being essential to reach an adequate level of activation. Whether teleost B cells sense pathogens through innate mechanisms has not yet been explored, despite the fact that fish B cells display a wider array of innate receptors than many mammalian B cell subsets. Hence, in the current study, we have investigated the effects of inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida, a Gram negative rainbow trout pathogen, on trout splenic IgM+ B cells in vitro in the presence or absence of different inhibitors of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, to establish to what degree innate signals are contributing to the activation of B cells in teleosts. Our results demonstrate that most of the effects that A. salmonicida exerts on trout IgM+ B cells are significantly blocked in the presence of inhibitors of MyD88 and TRIF, important nodes in TLR signal pathways. Thus, the data presented demonstrates that, also in teleost, TLR signalling is essential for the activation of IgM+ B cells. These results will be useful for the future optimization of novel vaccines and adjuvants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Aeromonas salmonicida activates rainbow trout IgM+ B cells signalling through Toll like receptors

Soleto¹,

Morel²,

Muñoz-Atienza³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Type I Interferon Regulates the Survival and Functionality of B Cells in Rainbow Trout

Benedicenti¹,

Wang

Morel³

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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Interferons (IFNs) orchestrate antiviral responses in jawed vertebrates and can be classified into three types based on different aspects of their genomic organization, structure and receptors through which they signal and function. Generally, type I and type III IFNs include cytokines that directly induce an antiviral response, whereas type II IFNs are well-known for their immunomodulatory role during viral infections. In mammals, type I IFNs have been shown to also regulate many aspects of B cell development and differentiation. Yet, these functions have been only faintly investigated for teleost IFNs. Thus, in the current study, we have examined the effects of a model type I rainbow trout IFN molecule (IFNa) on blood naïve (IgM + IgD +) B cells, comparing them to those exerted by type II IFN (IFNγ). Our results demonstrate that IFNa increases the survival of naïve rainbow trout B cells, in the absence of lymphoproliferative effects, by rescuing them from spontaneous apoptosis. Additionally, IFNa increased the phagocytic capacity of blood IgM + IgD + B cells and augmented the number of IgM-secreting cells in blood leukocyte cultures. IFNγ, on the other hand, had only minor effects up-regulating IgM secretion, whereas it increased the phagocytic capacity of IgM − cells in the cultures. Finally, given the recent identification of 9 mx genes in rainbow trout, we have also established which of these genes were transcriptionally regulated in blood naïve B cells in response to IFNa. This study points to a previously undescribed role for teleost type I IFNs in the regulation of B cell responses.

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IgM+ and IgT+ B Cell Traffic to the Heart during SAV Infection in Atlantic Salmon

et al. 2020

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B cells of teleost fish differentiate in the head kidney, and spleen, and either remain in the lymphatic organs or move to the blood and peripheral tissues. There is limited knowledge about piscine B cell traffic to sites of vaccination and infection and their functional roles at these sites. In this work, we examined the traffic of B cells in Atlantic salmon challenged with salmonid alphavirus (SAV). In situ hybridization (RNAScope) showed increased numbers of immunoglobin (Ig)M+ and IgT+ B cells in the heart in response to SAV challenge, with IgM+ B cells being most abundant. An increase in IgT+ B cells was also evident, indicating a role of IgT+ B cells in nonmucosal tissues and systemic viral infections. After infection, B cells were mainly found in the stratum spongiosum of the cardiac ventricle, colocalizing with virus-infected myocardial-like cells. From sequencing the variable region of IgM in the main target organ (heart) and comparing it with a major lymphatic organ (the spleen), co-occurrence in antibody repertoires indicated a transfer of B cells from the spleen to the heart, as well as earlier recruitment of B cells to the heart in vaccinated fish compared to those that were unvaccinated. Transcriptome analyses performed at 21 days post-challenge suggested higher expression of multiple mediators of inflammation and lymphocyte-specific genes in unvaccinated compared to vaccinated fish, in parallel with a massive suppression of genes involved in heart contraction, metabolism, and development of tissue. The adaptive responses to SAV in vaccinated salmon appeared to alleviate the disease. Altogether, these results suggest that migration of B cells from lymphatic organs to sites of infection is an important part of the adaptive immune response of Atlantic salmon to SAV.

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CpG oligodeoxynucleotides modulate innate and adaptive functions of IGM+ B cells in rainbow trout

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Aeromonas salmonicida activates rainbow trout IgM+ B cells signalling through Toll like receptors

Aeromonas salmonicida activates rainbow trout IgM+ B cells signalling through Toll like receptors

Type I Interferon Regulates the Survival and Functionality of B Cells in Rainbow Trout

IgM+ and IgT+ B Cell Traffic to the Heart during SAV Infection in Atlantic Salmon

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