CP Antenna with 2 × 4 Hybrid Coupler for Wireless Sensing and Hybrid RF Solar Energy Harvesting

Abstract

The main challenge faced by RF energy harvesting systems is to supply relatively small electrical power to wireless sensor devices using microwaves. The solution is to implement a new device in a circularly polarized rectenna with circular polarization sensitivity integrated with a thin-film solar cell. Its dual-feed antennas are connected to a 2 × 4 asymmetric hybrid coupler and a multi-stage voltage doubler rectifier circuit. This configuration has a 2 × 4 asymmetric hybrid coupler used to produce 4 outputs with a 90-degree waveform phase difference. The two ports can independently be connected to the wireless sensor circuit: radiofrequency harvesting of hybrid energy solar and information equipment can be carried out with these two antennas. The Dual-Feed circular patch antenna has a two-port bandwidth of 137 MHz below −15 dB and an axial ratio of less than 3 dB, with a center frequency of 2.4 GHz with directional radiation and a high gain of 8.23 dB. It can be sensitive to arbitrary polarization of the input voltage multiplier waveform to overcome uncertainty in empirical communication environments. A parallel structure is arranged with a thin film solar cell integration from the transmitter with an output voltage of 1.3297 V with a compact composition and RF energy. The importance of adopting a wireless sensor strategy with circular polarization sensitivity and integrated RF solar energy harvesting rather than a single source method makes this research a significant novelty by optimizing the analysis of multiple wireless sensor signal access.

Ring slot CP antenna for the hybrid electromagnetic solar energy harvesting and IoT application

“…̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ which is autocorrelated with 𝑅 𝑠𝑠 [38], [39]. The input signal is then autocorrelated, the signal's other cross-correlation values assume the signal plane, and the input signal's matrix covariance is calculated in ( 6) and (7)…”

C-Slot Circular Polarized Antenna for Hybrid Energy Harvesting and Wireless Sensing

“…The previous research has antennas with linear polarization, which are incapable of accommodating various polarizations caused by fading compared to CP antennas. Additionally, the antenna structure arrangement in the previous research did not mutually support the RF and solar energy harvesters, which are not situated in the same layer and have antenna impedance that needs to be matched (Mujahidin & Kitagawa, 2021a;Mujahidin & Kitagawa, 2021b).…”

Real-Time Web-Based Monitoring System for Temperature, Humidity, and Solar Panels in Ramie Drying Facilities

“…A novel approach is introduced that leverages session data from users to improve the recommendations for the next web page they might visit. This hybrid page ranking model is the result of merging two different page ranking techniques [32]- [34].…”