Coyote Predation and Habitat Segregation of White-Tailed Deer and Mule Deer

Lingle, Susan

doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2037:cpahso]2.0.co;2

Cited by 109 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…WVC occurrence is shaped by an interaction of habitat selection, population abundance, and road variables (Forman et al 2003, Seiler 2005, Gunson et al 2011. Moreover, previous work in our study area by Lobo and Millar (2013) show that WVCs by these two deer species tend to occur in the same area, and Lingle (2002) showed that Odocoileus spp. overlap for foraging and movement in an area nearby our study site.…”

Section: Wildlife-vehicle Collision Datamentioning

confidence: 56%

Context‐dependent effects on spatial variation in deer‐vehicle collisions

Clevenger

Barrueto

Gunson³

et al. 2015

Ecosphere

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Abstract. Identifying factors that contribute to the risk of wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) has been a key focus of wildlife managers, transportation safety planners and road ecologists for over three decades. Despite these efforts, few generalities have emerged which can help predict the occurrence of WVCs, heightening the uncertainty under which conservation, wildlife and transportation management decisions are made. Undermining this general understanding is the use of study area boundaries that are incongruent with major biophysical gradients, inconsistent data collection protocols among study areas and species-specific interactions with roads. We tested the extent to which factors predicting the occurrence of deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs) were general among five study areas distributed over a 11,400-km 2 region in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. In spite of our system-wide focus on the same genus (i.e., Odocoileus hemionus and O. virginianus), study area delineation along major biophysical gradients, and use of consistent data collection protocols, we found that large-scale biophysical processes influence the effect of localized factors. At the local scale, factors predicting WVC occurrence varied greatly between individual study areas. Distance to water was an important predictor of WVCs in three of the five study areas, while other variables had modest importance in only two of the five study areas. Thus, lack of generality in factors predicting WVCs may have less to do with methodological or taxonomic differences among study areas than the large-scale, biophysical context within which the data were collected. These results highlight the critical need to develop a conceptual framework in road ecology that can unify the disparate results emerging from field studies on WVC occurrence.

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Section: Wildlife-vehicle Collision Datamentioning

confidence: 56%

Context‐dependent effects on spatial variation in deer‐vehicle collisions

Clevenger

Barrueto

Gunson³

et al. 2015

Ecosphere

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“…The effect of habitat characteristics on escape behaviour may, however, be different even in closely related species of deer. When approached by coyotes, mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) escape uphill and towards slopes whereas white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) flee downhill and away from slopes (Geist, 1981;Lingle, 2002). These two species also differ in their initial response to a threat.…”

Section: Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal escapology II: escape trajectory case studies

Domenici¹,

Blagburn

Bacon

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

133

151

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Summary Escape trajectories (ETs; measured as the angle relative to the direction of the threat) have been studied in many taxa using a variety of methodologies and definitions. Here, we provide a review of methodological issues followed by a survey of ET studies across animal taxa, including insects, crustaceans, molluscs, lizards, fish, amphibians, birds and mammals. Variability in ETs is examined in terms of ecological significance and morpho-physiological constraints. The survey shows that certain escape strategies (single ETs and highly variable ETs within a limited angular sector) are found in most taxa reviewed here, suggesting that at least some of these ET distributions are the result of convergent evolution. High variability in ETs is found to be associated with multiple preferred trajectories in species from all taxa, and is suggested to provide unpredictability in the escape response. Random ETs are relatively rare and may be related to constraints in the manoeuvrability of the prey. Similarly, reports of the effect of refuges in the immediate environment are relatively uncommon, and mainly confined to lizards and mammals. This may be related to the fact that work on ETs carried out in laboratory settings has rarely provided shelters. Although there are a relatively large number of examples in the literature that suggest trends in the distribution of ETs, our understanding of animal escape strategies would benefit from a standardization of the analytical approach in the study of ETs, using circular statistics and related tests, in addition to the generation of large data sets.

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“…Coyotes prey on mule deer, especially young animals in their first year (fawns; Lingle 2000;deVos et al 2003;Pojar and Bowden 2004), and female deer (does) choose to hide their newborn fawns in relatively safe habitats (Long et al 2009). When coyotes are present, mule deer also tend to move from preferred feeding habitats into safer habitats, at a cost of lower feeding rate (Lingle 2002; see also Laundré et al 2001). Coyotes might indirectly benefit plant species that deer prefer by reducing the number of deer and their feeding rates.,.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coyotes, deer, and wildflowers: diverse evidence points to a trophic cascade

Waser

Price

Blumstein

et al. 2014

Naturwissenschaften

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Spatial gradients in human activity, coyote activity, deer activity, and deer herbivory provide an unusual type of evidence for a trophic cascade. Activity of coyotes, which eat newborn deer (fawns), decreased with proximity to a remote biological field station, indicating that these predators avoided an area of high human activity. In contrast, activity of pregnant female deer (does) and does with new fawns, and intensity of herbivory on palatable plant species, both increased with proximity to the station and were positively correlated with each other. The gradient in deer activity was not explained by availabilities of preferred habitats or plant species, because these did not vary with distance from the station. Does spent less time feeding when they encountered coyote urine next to a feed block, indicating that increased vigilance may contribute, along with avoidance of areas with coyotes, to lower herbivory away from the station. Judging from two palatable wildflower species whose seed crop and seedling recruitment were greatly reduced near the field station, the coyote-deer-wildflower trophic cascade has the potential to influence plant community composition. Our study illustrates the value of a case-history approach, in which different forms of ecological data about a single system are used to develop conceptual models of complex ecological phenomena. Such an iterative model-building process is a common, but underappreciated, way of understanding how ecological systems work.

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Coyote Predation and Habitat Segregation of White-Tailed Deer and Mule Deer

Cited by 109 publications

References 50 publications

Context‐dependent effects on spatial variation in deer‐vehicle collisions

Context‐dependent effects on spatial variation in deer‐vehicle collisions

Animal escapology II: escape trajectory case studies

Coyotes, deer, and wildflowers: diverse evidence points to a trophic cascade

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