COWAT Metanorms Across Age, Education, and Gender

Loonstra, Ann; Tarlow, Alison R.; Sellers, Alfred H

doi:10.1207/s15324826an0803_5

Cited by 263 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Word retrieval was tested with the Boston Naming Test (BNT) (Tallberg, 2005) and a verbal fluency test (FAS) (Friedman et al, 1998;Loonstra, Tarlow, & Sellers, 2001). Language comprehension was measured with the BeSS test that determines subtle speech and language disorders (Laakso et al, 2000) and a reading comprehension task (READ) selected from the Swedish Scholastic Assessment Test (SeSAT) which is an instrument for selection to higher education (Stage & Ögren, 2004).…”

Section: Language Ability Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right-hemispheric cortical contributions to language ability in healthy adults

Ettinger-Veenstra¹,

Ragnehed²,

McAllister³

et al. 2012

Brain and Language

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In this study we investigated the correlation between individual linguistic ability based on performance levels and their engagement of typical and atypical language areas in the brain.Eighteen healthy subjects between 21 to 64 years participated in language ability tests, and subsequent functional MRI scans measuring brain activity in response to a sentence completion and a word fluency task. Performance in both reading and high-level language tests correlated positively with increased right-hemispheric activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (specifically Brodmann area 47), the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the medial temporal gyrus (Brodmann area 21). In contrast, we found a negative correlation between performance and left-hemispheric DLPFC activation.Our findings indicate that the right lateral frontal and right temporal regions positively modulate aspects of language ability.

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Section: Language Ability Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Right-hemispheric cortical contributions to language ability in healthy adults

Ettinger-Veenstra¹,

Ragnehed²,

McAllister³

et al. 2012

Brain and Language

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“…Furthermore we used a verbal fluency test. The subject was cued with a letter (F, A, S) and had to generate as many words as possible within a minute (FAS-test, Friedman et al, 1998;Loonstra et al, 2001). The Swedish norm, depending on age and gender, is predictive of intellectual level (Tallberg et al, 2008).…”

Section: Disorders (Bedömning Av Subtila Språkstörningar [Assessment mentioning

confidence: 99%

Right-hemispheric brain activation correlates to language performance

et al. 2010

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Language function in the right-hemispheric homologues of Broca"s and Wernicke"s areas does not only correlate with left-handedness or pathology, but occurs naturally in righthanded healthy subjects as well. In the current study, two non-invasive methods of assessing language lateralization are correlated with behavioral results in order to link hemispheric dominance to language ability in healthy subjects.Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) together with a sentence-completion paradigm was used to determine region-specific lateralization indices in the left-and rightsided Broca"s and Wernicke"s areas, the frontal temporal lobe, the anterior cingulate cortex and the parietal lobe. In addition, dichotic listening results were used to determine overall language lateralization and to strengthen conclusions by correlating with fMRI indices.Results showed that fMRI lateralization in the superior parietal, the posterior temporal, and the anterior cingulate cortices correlated to dichotic listening. A decreased right ear advantage (REA), which indicates less left-hemispheric dominance in language, correlated with higher performance in most administered language tasks, including reading, language ability, fluency, and non-word discrimination. Furthermore, right hemispheric involvement in the posterior temporal lobe and the homologue of Broca"s area suggests better performance in behavioral language tasks. This strongly indicates a supportive role of the right-hemispheric counterparts of Broca"s and Wernicke"s areas in language performance.

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“…Metanorms and individual norms studies have been completed for the phonological verbal fluency task using the cluster of letters F, A, and S, most commonly with English speaking adults in the United States and Canada (Acevedo et al, 2000;Gladsjo et al, 1999;Heaton, 2004;Loonstra, Tarlow, & Sellers, 2001;Mitrushina, 2005;Tombaugh, Kozak, & Rees, 1999). Additionally, norms have been established in the United States for phonological fluency using the letters C, F, and L (Ruff, Light, Parker, & Levin, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbal fluency tests: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population

Olabarrieta‐Landa

Rivera

Galarza-Del-Angel

et al. 2015

NRE

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Abstract. OBJECTIVE:To generate normative data for the Verbal Fluency Tests across 11 countries in Latin America, with country-specific adjustments for gender, age, and education, where appropriate. METHOD: The sample consisted of 3,977 healthy adults who were recruited from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and, Puerto Rico. Each subject was administered the Verbal Fluency Test as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. A standardized five-step statistical procedure was used to generate the norms. RESULTS:The final multiple linear regression models for the letter F explained 8-30% of the variance, 7-32% for letter A, 8-32% for the letter S, and 16-43% for the animal category in Verbal Fluency Test scores. Although t-tests showed significant differences between men and women on the Verbal Fluency Test, they did not have an effect size larger than 0.3. As a result, gender-adjusted norms were not generated.

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COWAT Metanorms Across Age, Education, and Gender

Cited by 263 publications

References 17 publications

Right-hemispheric cortical contributions to language ability in healthy adults

Right-hemispheric cortical contributions to language ability in healthy adults

Right-hemispheric brain activation correlates to language performance

Verbal fluency tests: Normative data for the Latin American Spanish speaking adult population

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