Cow-specific treatment of clinical mastitis: An economic approach

Abstract

Under Dutch circumstances, most clinical mastitis (CM) cases of cows on dairy farms are treated with a standard intramammary antimicrobial treatment. Several antimicrobial treatments are available for CM, differing in antimicrobial compound, route of application, duration, and cost. Because cow factors (e.g., parity, stage of lactation, and somatic cell count history) and the causal pathogen influence the probability of cure, cow-specific treatment of CM is often recommended. The objective of this study was to determine if cow-specific treatment of CM is economically beneficial. Using a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation model, 20,000 CM cases were simulated. These CM cases were caused by Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (40%), Staphylococcus aureus (30%), or Escherichia coli (30%). For each simulated CM case, the consequences of using different antimicrobial treatment regimens (standard 3-d intramammary, extended 5-d intramammary, combination 3-d intramammary+systemic, combination 3-d intramammary+systemic+1-d nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and combination extended 5-d intramammary+systemic) were simulated simultaneously. Finally, total costs of the 5 antimicrobial treatment regimens were compared. Some inputs for the model were based on literature information and assumptions made by the authors were used if no information was available. Bacteriological cure for each individual cow depended on the antimicrobial treatment regimen, the causal pathogen, and the cow factors parity, stage of lactation, somatic cell count history, CM history, and whether the cow was systemically ill. Total costs for each case depended on treatment costs for the initial CM case (including costs for antibiotics, milk withdrawal, and labor), treatment costs for follow-up CM cases, costs for milk production losses, and costs for culling. Average total costs for CM using the 5 treatments were (US) $224, $247, $253, $260, and $275, respectively. Average probabilities of bacteriological cure for the 5 treatments were 0.53, 0.65, 0.65, 0.68, and 0.75, respectively. For all different simulated CM cases, the standard 3-d intramammary antimicrobial treatment had the lowest total costs. The benefits of lower costs for milk production losses and culling for cases treated with the intensive treatments did not outweigh the higher treatment costs. The stochastic model was developed using information from the literature and assumptions made by the authors. Using these information sources resulted in a difference in effectiveness of different antimicrobial treatments for CM. Based on our assumptions, cow-specific treatment of CM was not economically beneficial.

Invited review: Sensors to support health management on dairy farms

“…For mastitis, decision support systems provide advice for clinical cases (Seegers et al, 2003;Halasa et al, 2007;Pinzón-Sánchez et al, 2011;Steeneveld et al, 2011). However, subclinical mastitis may be detected by a sensor system and could be relevant, as a subclinical case could develop into clinical mastitis or chronic subclinical mastitis.…”

“…However, the current trend in western Europe is the use of AMS, which have changed the operational management on dairy farms dramatically. A few studies have focused on pathogen-specific treatment of mastitis, although the economic merit and practical feasibility of pathogenspecific treatment seems to be absent (Kamphuis et al, 2011;Steeneveld et al, 2011). Decision support systems are available for fertility management (Groenendaal et al, 2004;Olynk and Wolf, 2009;Inchaisri et al, 2010Inchaisri et al, , 2011 and could be used to develop sensor systems with integrated decision support.…”

The utility of sensor technology to support reproductive management on dairy farms

“…For mastitis, decision support systems provide advice for clinical cases (Halasa, et al, 2007, Pinzon-Sanchez, et al, 2011, Seegers, et al, 2003, Steeneveld, et al, 2011. However, subclinical mastitis may be detected by a sensor system and could be relevant as a subclinical case could develop into clinical mastitis or chronic subclinical mastitis.…”

“…Many decisions are complex on dairy farms because many factors are involved. For instance, it is difficult to make an optimal treatment decision based on all available information, treatment options, and cure-influencing cow factors (Steeneveld, et al, 2011). Farmers deal with considerable uncertainty in their decision making and usually base their expectations on their herdsmanship (Groenendaal, et al, 2004).…”

“…However, the current trend in Western Europe is the use of AMSs, which have changed the operational management on dairy farms dramatically. A few studies have focused on pathogen specific treatment of mastitis, although the economic merit of pathogen specific treatment seems to be absent (Steeneveld, et al, 2011). Decision support systems are available for fertility management (e.g., Groenendaal et al, 2004;Olynk and Wolf, 2009;Inchaisri et al, 2010,; and could be used to develop sensor systems with integrated decision support.…”