COVID-19 Waves: Importance of Accumulative Mortality per Million Inhabitants

Delgado, C Alfredo; Shimabuku, Roberto; Chiroque-Solano, Pamela M.

doi:10.1620/tjem.251.47

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…We still do not know how the COVID-19 pandemic is going to evolve (Delgado et al 2020), and also, we cannot advance how it will affect the nutritional status of the population. Nevertheless, we already know that obesity is one of the predisposing conditions that increase the risk of being affected by the COVID-19 infection and worsens the prognosis (Deng et al 2020;Sanchis-Gomar et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Burden of Excess Weight and Anemia in Latin American Children up to 2019

Shimabuku

Delgado

Nakachi

et al. 2020

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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The double burden of malnutrition is the coexistence of two different conditions, mainly reflected as excess or deficit in weight. Anemia is a specific nutritional deficit not always included in the double burden assessment. We reviewed overweight and/or obesity (OW/OB) and anemia studies from Latin-American Children over the last ten years up to 2019. Two authors evaluated the MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and LILACS databases. A scale of ten questions was used to assess the risk of bias in prevalence studies. Fourteen studies were selected. The population studies' size ranged from 147 to 20,342 children with different socioeconomic backgrounds, such as urban, peri-urban and rural settings, socioeconomic status, schooling, population (ethnic minorities and indigenous), and environmental differences (sea level or high altitude). The prevalence of OW/OB ranged from 4.9% to 42%. The prevalence of anemia was from 3.4% to 67%. The double burden, including OW/OB and anemia, ranged from 0.7% to 67%. A higher prevalence of excess weight and anemia was found in rural and high altitude above sea level environments, extreme poverty, low education level, and indigenous communities. These heterogeneous data, before the 2020 (COVID-19 pandemic), reflect the vast inequities between countries and within each country. Food insecurity linked to poverty and the induced change in eating habits and lifestyles threaten optimal child nutrition in ongoing and future scenarios. The existence of OW/OB and anemia and their simultaneous coexistence in the community, home, and individual levels, indicates that interventions should be comprehensive to face the double burden of malnutrition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Burden of Excess Weight and Anemia in Latin American Children up to 2019

Shimabuku

Delgado

Nakachi

et al. 2020

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Also, most countries have vastly increased their testing capacity over time, so that the case ascertainment rate is now far greater than that in place when restrictions were initially introduced [14]. This creates difficulty in deciding how serious the present situation is and how it compares with the first wave of transmission as well as in describing the spread of the epidemic to the public [20] and has inspired researchers to propose methods of using mortality data as a more reliable proxy for infection numbers [9,12,18].…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological waves - types, drivers and modulators in the COVID-19 pandemic

Harvey

Chan

Srivastava

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction: A discussion of 'waves' of the COVID-19 epidemic in different countries is a part of the national conversation for many, but there is no hard and fast means of delineating these waves in the available data and their connection to waves in the sense of mathematical epidemiology is only tenuous. Methods: We present an algorithm which processes a general time series to identify substantial, significant and sustained periods of increase in the value of the time series, which could reasonably be described as 'observed waves'. This provides an objective means of describing observed waves in time series. Results: The output of the algorithm as applied to epidemiological time series related to COVID-19 corresponds to visual intuition and expert opinion. Inspecting the results of individual countries shows how consecutive observed waves can differ greatly with respect to the case fatality ratio. Furthermore, in large countries, a more detailed analysis shows that consecutive observed waves have different geographical ranges. We also show how waves can be modulated by government interventions and find that early implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions correlates with a reduced number of observed waves and reduced mortality burden in those waves. Conclusion: It is possible to identify observed waves of disease by algorithmic methods and the results can be fruitfully used to analyse the progression of the epidemic.

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“…To test the validity of the system, we collected actual data from the B&R countries in 2020 to test the consistency between the actual and the assessed resilience. We combined three indicators to reflect a country's actual resilience: the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses per million population, the number of deaths per million population, and the monitoring and detection scores for the year 2020 (50). We obtained this data from the World Coronavirus Outbreak Real-Time Data website (see text footnote 9) and the COVID-19 Regional Security Assessment database 11 (Supplementary Table S3).…”

Section: Consistency Between the Assessed And Actual Anti-pandemic Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-pandemic resilience assessment for countries along the Belt and Road route

Zhao,

Min,

Huang

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic is sweeping the world, and countries along the Belt and Road (B&R) route have also been hit hard. However, the impact varied greatly from country to country, some severely and others mildly. What factors have led to such a wide variation?MethodIn this paper, we considered institutional, infrastructural, economic, social, and technological resilience as components of overall anti-pandemic resilience, and constructed a set of indicators to evaluate this resilience for B&R countries in 2020. We evaluated the anti-pandemic resilience using the combined empowerment–VIKOR method, and classified the countries into different resilience levels by means of hierarchical clustering. The validity of the evaluation indicator system was verified by analyzing the consistency between the actual performance and the assessed resilience.ResultsThe ranking results showed that Israel and Bahrain were representative of countries that had the highest resilience, Hungary and Estonia represented countries with moderate resilience, and Laos and Cambodia represented countries with the lowest resilience. We also found that countries with high resilience had much better institutional and economic resilience than countries with moderate resilience, whereas countries with low resilience lagged behind in both infrastructural and social resilience. Based on these findings, policy recommendations were offered to help B&R countries respond to future pandemics.

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COVID-19 Waves: Importance of Accumulative Mortality per Million Inhabitants

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Double Burden of Excess Weight and Anemia in Latin American Children up to 2019

Double Burden of Excess Weight and Anemia in Latin American Children up to 2019

Epidemiological waves - types, drivers and modulators in the COVID-19 pandemic

Anti-pandemic resilience assessment for countries along the Belt and Road route

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