COVID-19 vaccine impact on rates of SARS-CoV-2 cases and post vaccination strain sequences among healthcare workers at an urban academic medical center: a prospective cohort study

Bouton, Tara C; Lodi, Sara; Turcinovic, Jacquelyn; Se, Weber; Quinn, Emily; Korn, Cathy; Steiner, Jochen; Em, Schechter-Perkins; Duffy, Erin E.; Ej, Ragan; Bp, Taylor; Schaeffer, Beau; Miller, Nancy S.; Davidoff, Ravin; Wp, Hanage; Connor, John H.; Pierre, Cassandra; Kr, Jacobson

doi:10.1101/2021.03.30.21254655

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…All symptomatic cases were noted among partially vaccinated HCPs and were self-limiting with only 5 requiring hospitalization. Although our passive surveillance system was intended to capture the HCP vaccinated population who self-reported symptoms or who were exposed to a COVID-19 positive case, and not able to report true prevalence of infections (i.e., mild or asymptomatic infections may be missed), our findings are consistent with emerging reports of incident post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections (15)(16)(17)(18). A recent multicenter prospective cohort study in England found vaccine effectiveness upwards of 85% (19).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Post-vaccination SARS-COV-2 among healthcare workers in New Jersey: a genomic epidemiological study

Mathema

Liang

Chow

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 with high transmission and immune evasion potential, the so-called Variants of Concern (VOC), is a major concern. We describe the early genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 recovered from vaccinated healthcare professionals (HCP). Our post-vaccination COVID-19 symptoms-based surveillance program among HCPs in a 17-hospital network, identified all vaccinated HCP who tested positive for COVID-19 after routine screening or after self-reporting. From 01/01/2021 to 04/30/2021, 23,687 HCP received either mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. All available post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 samples and a random collection from non-vaccinated patients during the similar timeframe were subjected to VOC screening and whole genome sequencing (WGS). 62% (23,697/37,500) of HCPs received at least one vaccine dose, with 95% (22,458) fully vaccinated. We detected 138 (0.58%, 138/23,697) COVID-19 cases, 105 among partially vaccinated and 33 (0.15%, 33/22,458) among fully vaccinated. Five partially vaccinated required hospitalization, four with supplemental oxygen. VOC screening from 16 fully vaccinated HCPs identified 6 (38%) harboring N501Y and 1 (6%) with E484K polymorphisms; concurrent non-vaccinated samples was 37% (523/1404) and 20% (284/1394), respectively. There was an upward trend from January to April for E484K/Q (3% to 26%) and N501Y (1% to 49%). WGS analysis from vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals indicated highly congruent phylogenies. We did not detect an increased frequency of any RBD/NTD polymorphism between groups (P>0.05). Our results support robust protection by vaccination, particularly among recipients of both doses. Despite VOCs accounting for over 40% of SARS-CoV-2 from fully vaccinated individuals, the genomic diversity appears to proportionally represent those among non-vaccinated populations.

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Post-vaccination SARS-COV-2 among healthcare workers in New Jersey: a genomic epidemiological study

Mathema

Liang

Chow

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The result corroborate the findings of similar studies done in other countries. 12,13 Interestingly, according to our analysis, these vaccines seem to be more protective in the younger age group rather than in older individuals. The reason for this discrepancy may be a result of sampling error.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccines in preventing infection in dental practitioners – results of a cross-sectional ‘questionnaire-based’ survey

Kumar

Saxena

Atri

et al. 2021

Preprint

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India started its vaccination program at the beginning of 2021, the main beneficiaries being health workers and frontline workers including police, paramilitary forces, sanitation workers, and disaster management volunteers in the first phase. By the time, the second wave of Covid-19 impacted India, approximately 14 million healthcare and frontline workers, including dentists had been vaccinated. Aim: To study the effectiveness of vaccination on a subset of high-risk healthcare workers i.e. dentists in preventing Covid-19 during the second wave of the pandemic. Study design: A questionnaire based pan-India online survey was carried out to record the Covid-related experiences of dentists prior to and after vaccination. Result: During the second wave, 9.18% (n=364) respondents became positive in spite of the vaccine, while 14.69%(n=78) became positive in the unvaccinated group. A chi-square test of independence was performed to examine the relation between vaccination and the Covid positivity rate in all age groups. The relation between these variables was highly significant, [X2 (1, N = 4493) = 15.9809, p=.000064]. Conclusion: Our pan-India online survey inferred that vaccination has a definitive role to play in reducing the positivity rate amongst dentists during the second wave of the pandemic across all age groups.

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“…A total of 33 studies were included in this review (Figure 1). Twenty-one were human studies (Table 2 and Table 3), [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]19,29,[36][37][38] and 12 were preclinical animal studies, with viral challenge 1-17 weeks post vaccination (Table 4). [20][21][22][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] In the previous report, a targeted literature search was conducted and 17 studies included.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Five of the human studies were randomized controlled trials, [4][5][6]18,19 eight were prospective cohort studies, 8,11 seven were retrospective cohort studies, 2,10,12,13,[36][37][38] and one was a case control study. 15 Figure…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmissibility of COVID-19 among Vaccinated Individuals: A Rapid Literature Review - Update #1

Egunsola

Mastikhina

Dowsett

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objectives: This is an update of a previous report that examined literature published up to March 11th, 2021. Sixteen additional studies have been included in this update. The objective of this report is to identify comparative observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in reducing forward transmission from vaccinated people, and studies examining the biological plausibility of vaccination-induced transmission reduction. Method: A search of databases, MEDLINE, Embase, L-OVE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted to identify RCTs or comparative observational studies evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in the prevention of transmission, asymptomatic infections and transmissibility of COVID-19 among vaccinated persons. An additional search of grey literature was conducted. This search is current to May 4th, 2021. Results: In this update, 16 additional studies, including 9 human and 7 animal studies, were included. Therefore, this review examines a total of 33 included studies: 21 human studies and 12 preclinical animal studies. Evidence from two large household surveillance studies from the UK suggests that a single or full dose of AstraZeneca (AZ) and Pfizer-BioNtech (PfBnT) vaccines may prevent household transmission of COVID-19 after 14 days of vaccination by up to 54%. The AZ vaccine trials in the general population suggest that an initial low dose followed by a standard dose may provide up to 59% protection against asymptomatic or unknown infection, although efficacy against these outcomes was not demonstrated following two standard doses. PfBnT vaccine observational studies in the general population suggest up to 90% effectiveness against asymptomatic infection after seven or more days of full dose vaccination. Up to 75% effectiveness against asymptomatic infection was reported after full-dose in healthcare workers. Across RCTs examining asymptomatic infection in the general population, one dose of Moderna was shown to provide an efficacy of 61.4% against asymptomatic infection 21 days after the first dose; in another trial, the J&J vaccine had an efficacy of 74% 28 days after the first dose. Lastly, seven of eight studies found significantly increased cycle threshold, suggestive of lower viral load, in PfBnT or AZ vaccinated individuals compared with those who were unvaccinated. Conclusion: The AZ and PfBnT vaccines may prevent household transmission of COVID-19 after 14 days of vaccination. More studies have found the vaccines to significantly reduce the risk of asymptomatic infection and significantly increase cycle threshold, suggestive of lower viral load. Further research is needed to evaluate post-vaccination infectivity and transmission of both the wild type COVID-19 virus and the variants of concern from other jurisdictions.

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COVID-19 vaccine impact on rates of SARS-CoV-2 cases and post vaccination strain sequences among healthcare workers at an urban academic medical center: a prospective cohort study

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Post-vaccination SARS-COV-2 among healthcare workers in New Jersey: a genomic epidemiological study

Post-vaccination SARS-COV-2 among healthcare workers in New Jersey: a genomic epidemiological study

Effectiveness of the Covid-19 vaccines in preventing infection in dental practitioners – results of a cross-sectional ‘questionnaire-based’ survey

Transmissibility of COVID-19 among Vaccinated Individuals: A Rapid Literature Review - Update #1

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