COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy: Race/ethnicity, trust, and fear

Willis, Don; Andersen, Jennifer A.; Bryant-Moore, Keneshia; Selig, James P.; Long, Christopher R.; Felix, Holly C.; Curran, Geoffrey M.; McElfish, Pearl A.

doi:10.1111/cts.13077

Cited by 288 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…18 Thus, consistent with other evidence, relationships may play a crucial role in COVID-19 vaccination intention, in that those with close relationships may feel a sense of social duty or moral obligation to protect those around them, 19 or the fear of contracting the COVID-19 infection may lend to vaccine readiness. 18,20 Limitations. This study was limited to Ontario, and may not be generalizable outside the province.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of mental health and substance use issues on COVID-19 vaccine readiness: a cross sectional community-based survey in Ontario, Canada

Mehra

Markoulakis

Kodeeswaran

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use in Canada since December 2020. However, data about factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and the impact of mental health and/or substance use (MHSU) issues on vaccine uptake are currently not available. The goal of this study was to explore factors, particularly MHSU factors, that impact COVID-19 vaccination intentions in Ontario, Canada. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey with recruitment based on age, gender, and geographical location (to ensure a representative population of Ontario), was conducted in February 2021. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination status and plans and sociodemographic background, social support, anxiety about contracting COVID-19, and MHSU concerns. Results: Of the total sample of 2528 respondents, 1932 (76.4%) were vaccine ready, 381 (15.1%) were hesitant, and 181 (7.1%) were resistant. Significant independent predictors of vaccine hesitancy compared with vaccine readiness included younger age (OR=2.11, 95%CI=1.62-2.74), female gender (OR=1.36, 95%CI=1.06-1.74), Black ethnicity (OR=2.11, 95%CI=1.19-3.75), lower education (OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.30-2.20), lower SES status (OR=.88, 95%CI=.84-.93), lower anxiety about self or someone close contracting COVID-19 (OR=2.06, 95%CI=1.50-2.82), and lower depression score (OR=.90, 95%CI=.82-.98). Significant independent predictors of vaccine resistance compared with readiness included younger age (OR=1.72, 95%CI=1.19-2.50), female gender (OR=1.57, 95%CI=1.10-2.24), being married (OR=1.50, 95%CI=1.04-2.16), lower SES (OR=.80, 95%CI=.74-.86), lower satisfaction with social support (OR=.78, 95%CI=.70-.88), lower anxiety about contracting COVID-19 (OR=7.51, 95%CI=5.18-10.91), and lower depression score (OR=.85, 95%CI=.76-.96). Interpretation: COVID-19 vaccination intention is affected by sociodemographic factors, anxiety about contracting COVID-19, and select mental health issues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of mental health and substance use issues on COVID-19 vaccine readiness: a cross sectional community-based survey in Ontario, Canada

Mehra

Markoulakis

Kodeeswaran

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Vaccine hesitancy is multi-dimensional and acts as a barrier to vaccine uptake in the US [ 6 , 7 ]. Recent studies have focused on quantitative analysis of sociodemographic and other predictive factors of vaccine hesitancy [ 7 , 8 ]. These studies have documented that vaccine hesitancy is higher among Black Americans, residents in rural areas, women, younger individuals, and those with lower educational attainment and lower income [ 3 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have focused on quantitative analysis of sociodemographic and other predictive factors of vaccine hesitancy [ 7 , 8 ]. These studies have documented that vaccine hesitancy is higher among Black Americans, residents in rural areas, women, younger individuals, and those with lower educational attainment and lower income [ 3 , 7 , 8 ]. Qualitative work on vaccine hesitancy has likewise focused primarily on reasons for vaccine refusal [ 9 , 10 ], documenting concerns with the speed of vaccine development [ 11 ], lower trust in medical professionals, researchers, and government [ 12 ], and fears related to the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivations to Vaccinate Among Hesitant Adopters of the COVID-19 Vaccine

et al. 2021

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Vaccination is a critical means for mitigating the worst effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (US). However, the initial high demand for COVID-19 vaccines has not persisted, and the rate of vaccination slowed significantly in the summer of 2021. This study seeks to understand the motivations to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among hesitant adopters. Hesitant adopters are individuals who express some level of hesitancy about the vaccine but have also received at least one dose of the vaccine. Using a qualitative descriptive design, three loci for motivation emerged during analysis: extrinsic motivators, intrinsic motivators, and structural motivators. Extrinsic motivations, such as protecting one’s community, family, and friends, were reported as driving vaccination behavior. Among intrinsic motivators, the desire to protect themselves from COVID-19 was the most frequently reported. Structural motivators were also identified, indicating that vaccine mandates also serve to motivate hesitant adopters of the COVID-19 vaccine. These findings have important implications in ongoing efforts to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the US and highlight the multi-dimensional motivations for vaccination among hesitant adopters. Additionally, we provide recommendations for practice based on our findings.

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“…Quantitative approaches have been used by various studies focused on examining COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and behaviors [11][12][13]. However, studies using qualitative approaches to understanding hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine are still emerging and have focused on racial or ethnic or specific national populations [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“The Risk Seems Too High”: Thoughts and Feelings about COVID-19 Vaccination

Moore

Willis

Shah

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The purpose of this study was to describe the thoughts and feelings of individuals expressing concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in order to examine the thoughts and feelings of participants who are hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccine. Data were collected from 754 participants using an online instrument. Emergent themes included a lack of knowledge about the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine; concerns over the speed of development, testing, and approval of these vaccines; reluctance to be among the first vaccinated; concerns about the motivations of government actors, pharmaceutical companies, and others involved in producing the COVID-19 vaccine; and hesitancy about vaccines generally.

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COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy: Race/ethnicity, trust, and fear

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

Cited by 288 publications

References 20 publications

The impact of mental health and substance use issues on COVID-19 vaccine readiness: a cross sectional community-based survey in Ontario, Canada

The impact of mental health and substance use issues on COVID-19 vaccine readiness: a cross sectional community-based survey in Ontario, Canada

Motivations to Vaccinate Among Hesitant Adopters of the COVID-19 Vaccine

“The Risk Seems Too High”: Thoughts and Feelings about COVID-19 Vaccination

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