COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and effectiveness—the elephant (not) in the room

Olliaro, Piero; Torreele, Els; Vaillant, Michel

doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00069-0

Cited by 168 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition to the BCG-induced enhanced responsiveness of innate immune cells, which could improve the eradication of SARS-CoV-2 upon exposure, BCG might also be able to restrain excessive inflammation in severe COVID-19. Considering that currently, there are already a number of effective COVID-19 vaccines in use ( 9 ), the upcoming results of the clinical trials testing BCG’s protectivity against COVID-19 might seem trivial. However, it is important to realize that in developing countries, COVID-19 vaccines might not be widely available on short notice, which is where BCG vaccination could be used as a temporary solution.…”

Section: Effect Of Bcg On Inflammatory Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling inflammation in the elderly with BCG vaccination

Koeken

2021

Sci. Adv.

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Section: Effect Of Bcg On Inflammatory Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling inflammation in the elderly with BCG vaccination

Koeken

2021

Sci. Adv.

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“…The relative risk reduction was calculated by considering only the populations who benefited from the vaccine, so in order to calculate the effectiveness of the vaccine, we should also consider the absolute risk reduction which is calculated by considering both vaccinated and non-vaccinated populations. The absolute risk reduction was higher for Oxford-AstraZeneca (1.3%), followed by Moderna (1.2%), Johnson & Johnson (1.2%), Gamaleya (0.93%), and Pfizer-BioNtech (0.84%) [98]. Another group studied the safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine candidate (Pfizer-BioNtech) and observed about 95% efficacy.…”

Section: Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19: A Comprehensive View of Diverse Mitigation Measures, Biomaterials and Outlook

2021

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COVID-19 the existing contagion is caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). As of 1st March, 2021, the statistical study shows, 114 million people all over the world have been affected by COVID-19 and in this about 2.53 million deaths have been reported with a recovery of 64.4 million cases. The most commonly testified signs of COVID-19 infection are pyrexia, tussis and tiredness; other symptoms that are less common include deprivation in senses (odor or flavor), pharyngitis, stuffy nose, cephalgia, gastroenteritis etc. Among the reported cases, approximately 10-15% progress to severe disease and 5% becomes critically ill. Most people recover at 2-6 weeks after exposure to the virus, but it is reported that there are some patients who may recur some symptoms for weeks or months after initial recovery although they are not infectious during this period. In this review article, we have briefly discussed the different diagnostic and detection measures that are being clinically practiced and the treatment methods including medicines and vaccines which has been undertaken in the fight against COVID-19. Recent advances in various regulatory measures comprising the application of biomaterials engineering (nanomaterials, biosensors, quantum dots, polymeric array-based vaccines, etc.) and the digital technologies are also discussed. Organoid cultures are also used against SARS-CoV-2 to understand the biological phenomena taking place in the human body through infection, and thereby establishing the necessary trials to control the infection. In short, there is a requirement of the combination of study from multidisciplinary areas to understand the virus better and develop more effective mitigation measures. There are still studies under examination to improve the public health and to have complete control over this novel virus.

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“…And they may well be needed. Vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease is 67-95%, with unknown durability and effectiveness against new variants 2. Peak viral loads seem to determine the duration and severity of symptoms,3 but current covid-19 treatments are largely limited to anti-inflammatory drugs (dexamethasone, tocilizumab, and sarilumab) that save only around one in three patients who would otherwise have died 4.…”

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confidence: 99%

Antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 by autumn?

Smith

2021

BMJ

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The UK government has launched a covid-19 antivirals taskforce with the aim of deploying drugs for home treatment by autumn this year. 1 The description suggests that the government wants direct acting orally administered drugs that reduce replication and help eliminate SARS-CoV-2 from the body. Taken after a positive swab test result or prophylactically after exposure, these drugs could reduce viral transmission, morbidity, and mortality.And they may well be needed. Vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease is 67-95%, with unknown durability and effectiveness against new variants. 2 Peak viral loads seem to determine the duration and severity of symptoms, 3 but current covid-19 treatments are largely limited to anti-inflammatory drugs (dexamethasone, tocilizumab, and sarilumab) that save only around one in three patients who would otherwise have died. 4 Remdesivir, the most commonly used antiviral for SARS-CoV-2 in the UK, requires intravenous administration and seems to offer little survival benefit. 4

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COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and effectiveness—the elephant (not) in the room

Cited by 168 publications

References 8 publications

Controlling inflammation in the elderly with BCG vaccination

Controlling inflammation in the elderly with BCG vaccination

COVID-19: A Comprehensive View of Diverse Mitigation Measures, Biomaterials and Outlook

Antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 by autumn?

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