COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness during a prison outbreak when the Omicron was the dominant circulating variant— Zambia, December 2021

Simwanza, John; Hines, Jonas Z; Sinyange, Danny; Sinyange, Nyambe; Mulenga, Chilufya; Hanyinza, Sarah; Sakubita, Patrick; Langa, Nelia; Nowa, Haggai; Gardner, Priscilla; Saasa, Ngonda; Chipeta, Gabriel; Simpungwe, James; Malambo, Warren; Hamainza, Busiku; Kapata, Nathan; Kapina, Muzala; Musonda, Kunda; Liwewe, Mazyanga; Mwale, Consity; Fwoloshi, Sombo; Mulenga, Lloyd; Agolory, Simon; Mukonka, Victor; Chilengi, Roma

doi:10.1101/2022.05.06.22274701

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Patients vaccinated against COVID-19 had lower progression to in-hospital mortality in Zambia, a finding that was consistent during periods when delta and omicron were the dominant variants circulating in the country. These data from Zambia expand on limited evidence of COVID-19 VE in Africa (5,10-13). COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Africa has lagged other regions but evidence suggests that they are a critical tool for reducing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Yet, there is paucity of vaccine efficacy and effectiveness data from countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the vaccine evidence from Africa have originated from South Africa, where several vaccine clinical trials have been conducted and observational vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies have been published (5,10-13). A single dose of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was associated with lower hospitalizations and mortality during beta and delta waves in South Africa (11), and additional evidence demonstrated effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalizations during the omicron wave (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A single dose of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was associated with lower hospitalizations and mortality during beta and delta waves in South Africa (11), and additional evidence demonstrated effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalizations during the omicron wave (5). In Zambia, full receipt of a primary COVID-19 vaccine was associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 infections and symptomatic illness during an outbreak in a prison when omicron was the dominant variant (13). However, data from other countries in sub-Saharan Africa is limited to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against progression to in-hospital mortality — Zambia, 2021-2022

Chanda

Hines

Itoh

et al. 2022

Preprint

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BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines are highly effective for reducing severe disease and mortality. However, vaccine effectiveness data is limited from sub-Saharan Africa, where SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology has differed from other regions. We report COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against progression to in-hospital mortality in Zambia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study among admitted patients at eight COVID-19 treatment centers across Zambia during April 2021 through March 2022. Patient demographic and clinical information including vaccination status and hospitalization outcome (discharged or died) werecollected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the odds of in-hospital mortality by vaccination status, adjusted for age, sex, number of comorbid conditions, disease severity, and COVID-19 treatment center. Vaccine effectiveness of ≥1 vaccine dose was calculated from the adjusted odds ratio.ResultsAmong 1,653 patients with data on their vaccination status and hospitalization outcome, 365 (22.1%) died. Overall, 236 (14.3%) patients had received ≥1 vaccine dose before hospital admission. For patients who had received ≥1 vaccine dose, 22 (9.3%) died compared with 343 (24.2%) among unvaccinated patients (p <0.01). The median time since receipt of a first vaccine dose was 52.5 days (IQR: 28-107). Vaccine effectiveness for progression to in-hospital mortality among hospitalized patients was 64.8% (95% CI: 42.3-79.4%).ConclusionsAmong patients admitted to COVID-19 treatment centers in Zambia, COVID-19 vaccination was associated with lower progression to in-hospital mortality. These data are consistent with evidence from other countries demonstrating benefit of COVID-19 vaccination against severe complications. Vaccination is a critical tool for reducing the consequences of COVID-19 in Zambia.Key points-Receipt of ≥1 COVID-19 vaccine dose reduced progression to in-hospital mortality in Zambia by 64.8%-Mortality benefit of COVID-19 vaccines was sustained during the period of omicron transmission in Zambia

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against progression to in-hospital mortality — Zambia, 2021-2022

Chanda

Hines

Itoh

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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COVID-19 Vaccination Status as Well as Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Prisoners and the Implications

Shabir,

Alkubaisi,

Shafiq

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Prisoners form a population who are highly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to overcrowding, limited movement, and a poor living environment. Consequently, there is a need to ascertain the status of COVID-19 vaccination and factors associated with hesitancy among prisoners. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was undertaken among prisoners at three district jails in Punjab Province, Pakistan. A total of 381 prisoners participated and none of the study participants had received an influenza vaccine this year. In total, 53% received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, with the majority having two doses. The top three reasons of vaccine acceptance were “fear of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection” (56.9%), “desire to return to a pre-pandemic routine as soon as possible” (56.4%), and “having no doubts on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines” (39.6%). There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in any demographic variables between vaccinated and unvaccinated prisoners except for age, which was strongly association with COVID-19 vaccine uptake (χ2(3) = 76.645, p < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.457). Among the unvaccinated prisoners (N = 179), only 16 subsequently showed willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. The top three reasons for hesitancy were: COVID-19 is not a real problem/disease (60.1%), safety concerns (51.1%), and COVID-19 vaccine is a conspiracy (50.3%). Efforts are needed to address their concerns given this population’s risks and high hesitancy rates, especially among younger prisoners.

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COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness during a prison outbreak when the Omicron was the dominant circulating variant— Zambia, December 2021

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against progression to in-hospital mortality — Zambia, 2021-2022

COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against progression to in-hospital mortality — Zambia, 2021-2022

COVID-19 Vaccination Status as Well as Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Prisoners and the Implications

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