COVID-19 vaccine allocation: addressing the United Kingdom’s colour-blind strategy

Osama, Tasnime; Razai, Mohammad S; Majeed, Azeem

doi:10.1177/01410768211001581

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…more of an issue with the non-White ethnic population per se. The results presented here therefore do not seem to support the earlier analyses reported in references [ 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 ], but it is in accord with reference [ 9 ]. However, this was (at least in part) because of the inclusion of religious affiliation, which is considered next.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Other research [ 7 ] has shown that non-White ethnic groups have experienced higher infection rates from C19, hospitalisation, and death, and this is explained by (inter alia) their being “… more likely to live in crowded and multi-generational households where self-isolation and social distancing may prove to be difficult… individuals living in deprived areas have higher diagnosis and death rates… (and) social distancing was effective and possible in higher socioeconomic level households” (p. 1). It was also noted that ethnic minorities were also more likely to work in certain industries with a higher risk of exposure, such as food retail, health and social care, and transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experiences with Testing, Self-Isolation and Vaccination in North East England during the COVID Pandemic

Harris

2021

Vaccines

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This study was based on a (population weighted) sample of some 4533 responses to a household survey conducted in March 2021 that looked at the impact of COVID-19 on residents in most of the local authorities covering the North East of England. It considered the outcomes relating to needing a COVID test, self-isolating, whether residents agreed that UK government and NHS-approved vaccines were ‘very safe’, and whether they had enough information in order to make an informed decision about whether or not to get vaccinated. Modelling these outcomes using multivariate regression produced a range of results that showed that all of the following were important: the impact of age, living in deprived areas, ethnicity, religious affiliation, disability, industry, occupation, economic status, changes in household income, sexual orientation, and household composition. Thus, the results showed that there are complex socioeconomic factors associated with the willingness to get a test, self-isolate, and the levels of vaccine hesitancy, such that, in future ensuring that (re-)vaccination and ‘track and trace’ programmes are successful, may need to be better nuanced by references to such factors rather than adopting programmes that mostly just rely on age as the criteria for roll-outs.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences with Testing, Self-Isolation and Vaccination in North East England during the COVID Pandemic

Harris

2021

Vaccines

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“…Given the media attention, levels of disease and mortality in older adult age-groups, and the disruption the COVID-19 pandemic has caused to livelihoods, the overall high uptake in the population may be unsurprising. This study shows that, on the whole, for all aged 50 years an over, gaps in coverage do not appear to be reducing with time, with a risk of increasing the disproportionate impact of the pandemic on these populations during future waves [23] . Many administrative health datasets have large amounts of missing data on ethnicity, with coding completeness in primary care records less than 50% in England [22] , [24] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Inequalities in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination: A population register based cross-sectional study in Wales, UK

Perry

Akbari

Cottrell

et al. 2021

Vaccine

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The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted existing health inequalities for ethnic minority groups and those living in more socioeconomically deprived areas in the UK. With higher levels of severe outcomes in these groups, equitable vaccination coverage should be prioritised. The aim of this study was to identify inequalities in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination in Wales, UK and to highlight areas which may benefit from routine enhanced surveillance and targeted interventions. Records within the Wales Immunisation System (WIS) population register were linked to the Welsh Demographic Service Dataset (WDSD) and central list of shielding patients, held within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Ethnic group was derived from the 2011 census and over 20 administrative electronic health record (EHR) data sources. Uptake of first dose of any COVID-19 vaccine was analysed over time, with the odds of being vaccinated as at 25 th April 2021 by sex, health board of residence, rural/urban classification, deprivation quintile and ethnic group presented. Using logistic regression models, analyses were adjusted for age group, care home resident status, health and social care worker status and shielding status. This study included 1,256,412 individuals aged 50 years and over. Vaccine coverage increased steadily from 8 th December 2020 until mid-April 2021. Overall uptake of first dose of COVID-19 vaccine in this group was 92.1%. After adjustment the odds of being vaccinated were lower for individuals who were male, resident in the most deprived areas, resident in an urban area and an ethnic group other than White. The largest inequality was seen between ethnic groups, with the odds of being vaccinated 0.22 (95%CI 0.21-0.24) if in any Black ethnic group compared to any White ethnic group. Ongoing monitoring of inequity in uptake of vaccinations is required, with better targeted interventions and engagement with deprived and ethnic communities to improve vaccination uptake.

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“…It was not possible to identify regional differences due to small sample sizes; only two included studies reported regional data in England for some regions [7,9]. Small numbers of respondents in minority ethnic groups did not allow for detailed analysis in some of the studies, which means broad categories of 'BAME' were used [22,23].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of The Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In England and Wales, people from Asian ethnic groups make up the second largest percentage of the population (7.5%), followed by Black ethnic groups (3.3%), Mixed/Multiple ethnic groups (2.2%) and Other ethnic groups (1.0%) [6]. The UK's vaccination programme has the potential to exacerbate pre-existing inequalities that the pandemic has exposed and amplified if it does not take into consideration the unequal impact of the pandemic on minority ethnic groups and the factors that enable or hinder vaccination uptake in these groups [7]. To maximise the effectiveness and impact of the vaccination programme, it is important to understand reasons for disparities in uptake which can inform the provision of support for diverse communities, including implications for developing effective public health messaging strategies [5,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rapid Systematic Review of Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Minority Ethnic Groups in the UK

2021

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COVID-19 has disproportionately affected minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom. To maximise the effectiveness of the vaccination programme, it is important to understand and address disparities in vaccine uptake. The aim of this review was to identify factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination uptake between minority ethnic groups in the UK. A search was undertaken in peer-reviewed databases, polling websites and grey literature from January 2020–May 2021. Studies were included if they reported data on vaccine uptake or the reasons for or against accepting the COVID-19 vaccination for minority ethnic groups in the UK. Twenty-one papers met the inclusion criteria, all of which were rated as either good or moderate quality. Ethnic minority status was associated with higher vaccine hesitancy and lower vaccine uptake compared with White British groups. Barriers included pre-existing mistrust of formal services, lack of information about the vaccine’s safety, misinformation, inaccessible communications, and logistical issues. Facilitators included inclusive communications which address vaccine concerns via trusted communicators and increased visibility of minority ethnic groups in the media. Community engagement to address the concerns and informational needs of minority ethnic groups using trusted and collaborative community and healthcare networks is likely to increase vaccine equity and uptake.

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COVID-19 vaccine allocation: addressing the United Kingdom’s colour-blind strategy

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Experiences with Testing, Self-Isolation and Vaccination in North East England during the COVID Pandemic

Experiences with Testing, Self-Isolation and Vaccination in North East England during the COVID Pandemic

Inequalities in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination: A population register based cross-sectional study in Wales, UK

A Rapid Systematic Review of Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in Minority Ethnic Groups in the UK

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