COVID-19 Vaccination Dynamics in the US: Coverage Velocity and Carrying Capacity Based on Socio-demographic Vulnerability Indices in California

Bruckhaus, Alexander; Abedi, Aidin; Salehi, Sana; Pickering, Trevor A.; Zhang, Yujia; Martinez, Aubrey; Lai, Matthew; Garner, Rachael; Duncan, Dominique

doi:10.1007/s10903-021-01308-2

Cited by 11 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The findings could also be extended to public vaccination education programme. Despite the fact that so many countries including China have made COVID-19 vaccination programme available to the entire population for several months, especially at no cost to the public in China, the booster shot are still needed and potentially useful due to the emergence of the unpredictable variants of SARS-CoV-2 11 12. Therefore, it remains very important to make continuous efforts to achieve a satisfactory COVID-19 vaccination coverage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, differences in the vaccination rate existed among different groups of populations in England8 and Rome 9. Furthermore, as variants of SARS-CoV-2 as Delta10 and Omicron11 emerged, a booster shot becomes strongly recommended to achieve public health targets 12. Therefore, it is still important to make efforts to achieve a satisfactory COVID-19 vaccination coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccination coverage among COVID-19 prevention and control management teams at primary healthcare facilities in China and their attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine: a cross-sectional online survey

Yan

Wang²,

Fan

et al. 2022

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveTo investigate the COVID-19 vaccination coverage rate and differences among various COVID-19 prevention primary healthcare (PHC) facilities in China and understand their attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine. These findings are helpful to provide important suggestions to further improve national COVID-19 vaccination rate.DesignA nationwide cross-sectional online survey was designed and conducted among COVID-19 prevention and control management teams at PHC facilities in mainland China. In the self-designed questionnaires, each subject was asked to evaluate on a 1–10 scale (10=extremely important/acceptable/influential) the COVID-19 vaccination importance, acceptance and factors related to vaccine hesitancy.SettingSubjects from 31 provinces and autonomous regions including minorities across mainland China were invited to complete the questionnaire between 22 February 2021 and 2 March 2021.ParticipantsWere selected by multistage stratified sampling, 998 valid questionnaires (valid rate 99.11%) were collected. The respondents were divided into group A (≤5 respondents within each PHC facility, n1=718) and group B (>5 respondents within each PHC facility, n2=280).Outcome measuresSurvey on vaccination rate and attitude towards COVID-19 vaccine included the following: (1) if the subjects think the vaccination is important in containment of COVID-19 pandemic (1–10 scale, 10=extremely important), (2) if they would accept COVID-19 vaccine (1–10 scale, 10=extremely acceptable) and (3) their opinions on 7 factors possibly related to vaccine hesitancy (1–10 scale, 10=extremely influential). All the items were designed based on the previous expert interviews.ResultsOur results showed vaccination rate was greater in group A (85.93%) than in group B (66.43%) (p<0.001). Detailed analyses revealed that in group A, male members were twice as likely to get vaccinated as compared with female members (adjusted OR (aOR): 2.07; 95% CI: 1.26 to 3.43, p=0.004). In group B, those who were at or under the median age had twice the odds of vaccination coverage compared with those who were over the median age (aOR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.22 to 4.33, p=0.010). In addition, those who were specialised in traditional Chinese medicine were less likely to get vaccinated against COVID-19 compared with those who were specialised in general medicine, with the aOR: 0.10 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.83, p=0.033). By analysing the factors that influenced the vaccination attitudes among the 998 respondents, we found no significant difference between the vaccinated and unvaccinated participants. However, further detailed analyses found that team members with undergraduate college education were less likely to score higher in COVID-19 vaccination importance than those with technical secondary school education (aOR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.93, p=0.035); Furthermore, those with non-medical job titles had nearly twice the odds of giving a higher score for the uncertainty of vaccine efficacy compared with those with junior medical titles (aOR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.85, p=0.016). Team members with a non-medical title were more likely to give a higher score for advice on social sources compared with those with a junior medical title (aOR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.85, p=0.042).ConclusionIn PHC facilities, although there was a higher COVID-19 vaccination rate among COVID-19 prevention and control teams, some subgroups with different descriptive characters showed negative attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Because primary care workers in China are highly expected to receive the vaccination, and support and educate the public for COVID-19 vaccination. Thus, it is important and necessary to continue to educate them about their vaccination concerns and change their attitudes towards vaccination. Our findings are highly beneficial for designing public vaccination education strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination coverage among COVID-19 prevention and control management teams at primary healthcare facilities in China and their attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine: a cross-sectional online survey

Yan

Wang²,

Fan

et al. 2022

BMJ Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems responded by prioritizing vaccine administration for at-risk groups, such as health care workers 12 and optimizing resource management for mass vaccination efforts. 13 Other informatics support, such as visualization tools, 14 automated scheduling, 15 and innovative use of Social Vulnerability Index, 3,16 can help health systems measure the reach of vaccination to vulnerable groups. However, Diaz and colleagues 17 found the proportion of Black and Hispanic individuals receiving COVID-19 vaccine was substantially higher with direct outreach through community-based organizations (CBOs) than online self-scheduling that reserved vaccination for underserved groups in specific zip codes.…”

Section: Background and Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Vaccine Equity: How Community Engagement and Informatics Facilitate Health System Outreach to Underrepresented Groups

Xie,

Mah,

Chew

et al. 2024

Appl Clin Inform

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Background Given the inequities in access to health care resources like COVID-19 vaccination, health systems should carefully consider how to reach underrepresented groups. Reflecting on vaccine rollout efforts holds insight on the role of community engagement and informatics support in promoting health equity. Objectives This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of four outreach strategies deployed by University of Washington (UW) Medicine in improving vaccine equity over traditional vaccine scheduling online or by phone, we report on appointment scheduling and completion of appointments (i.e., vaccine administration) through (1) automated outreach to individuals from underrepresented groups, (2) temporary “pop-up” clinics in neighborhoods highly impacted by COVID-19, (3) vulnerable population clinics, and (4) mobile vaccine vans. Methods We conducted a 6-month retrospective analysis of electronic health records (EHR) to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of individuals who scheduled appointments using the outreach strategies and characteristics associated with a greater likelihood of vaccine administration based on appointment completion. To help explain trends in the EHR data, we engaged 10 health system leaders and staff who spearheaded the outreach strategies in follow-up conversations to identify qualitative insights into what worked and why. Results Compared with traditional scheduling, all outreach strategies except vulnerable population clinics had higher vaccine appointment completion rates, including automated outreach (N = 3,734 [94.7%], p < 0.001), pop-up clinics (N = 4,391 [96.0%], p < 0.001), and mobile vans (N = 4,198 [99.1%], p < 0.001); and lower cancellation rates, including automated outreach (N = 166 [1.1%], p < 0.001), pop-up clinics (N = 155 [0.6%], p < 0.001), and mobile vans (N = 0 [0%], p < 0.001). Qualitative insights emphasized ongoing community partnerships and information resources in successful outreach. Conclusion Vaccine equity outreach strategies improved the proportion of patients who scheduled and completed vaccination appointments among populations disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. Engaging community partners and equity-focused informatics tools can facilitate outreach. Lessons from these outreach strategies carry practical implications for health systems to amplify their health equity efforts.

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“…We use the overall SVI in the analysis and categorize it to three levels: high (> 75 percentile), moderate (between 25 percentile and 75 percentile), and low (< 25 percentile). A higher level of overall SVI indicates more vulnerability, as suggested in the literature (Hughes et al, 2021, Bruckhaus et al, 2022. We also adjust the following county-level characteristics in the model: other sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., health insurance coverage, urbanicity); population health care resources (i.e., primary care physicians); population health measures (i.e., life expectancy, obesity); and population density.…”

Section: Covid-19 Fatality Rates Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework of zero-inflated Bayesian negative binomial regression models for spatiotemporal data

He,

Huang

2024

Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference

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COVID-19 Vaccination Dynamics in the US: Coverage Velocity and Carrying Capacity Based on Socio-demographic Vulnerability Indices in California

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Vaccination coverage among COVID-19 prevention and control management teams at primary healthcare facilities in China and their attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine: a cross-sectional online survey

Vaccination coverage among COVID-19 prevention and control management teams at primary healthcare facilities in China and their attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine: a cross-sectional online survey

Improving Vaccine Equity: How Community Engagement and Informatics Facilitate Health System Outreach to Underrepresented Groups

A framework of zero-inflated Bayesian negative binomial regression models for spatiotemporal data

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