COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes, Perceptions, and Side Effect Experiences in Malaysia: Do Age, Gender, and Vaccine Type Matter?

Elnaem, Mohamed Hassan; Taufek, Nor Hidayah Mohd; Rahman, Norny Syafinaz Ab; Nazar, Nor Ilyani Mohamed; Zin, Che Suraya; Nuffer, Wesley; Turner, Christopher

doi:10.3390/vaccines9101156

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…This is not surprising, since it was well-known, even before the COVID-19 pandemic, that biological sex differences could influence the vaccine uptake, responses, and outcome [ 89 ]. Recent studies showed that the side effects of the Pfizer-BioNTech [ 87 , 90 , 91 ], AstraZeneca [ 90 , 91 , 92 ], Sinopharm [ 12 ], Sputnik V [ 11 ], SinoVac [ 91 , 93 ], Johnson & Johnson and Moderna [ 90 ] vaccines were significantly more frequent in females. With a view to reducing post-vaccination side effects in females and increasing immunogenicity in males, Ciarambino et al [ 94 ] recommended that the vaccine development should be sex-specific, and that sex-related variables should be examined in pre-clinical and clinical vaccine trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the comparison of age groups showed that participants aged 20 to 39 years were more likely to experience almost the majority of post-vaccination side effects, and they constituted the largest proportion of participants who suffered from severe side effects. Studies on different populations also showed that the side effects of different COVID-19 vaccines were significantly more frequent in younger individuals compared to in the elderly [ 11 , 90 , 91 , 92 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reported Adverse Effects and Attitudes among Arab Populations Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Large-Scale Multinational Study Implementing Machine Learning Tools in Predicting Post-Vaccination Adverse Effects Based on Predisposing Factors

et al. 2022

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Background: The unprecedented global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has imposed huge challenges on the healthcare facilities, and impacted every aspect of life. This has led to the development of several vaccines against COVID-19 within one year. This study aimed to assess the attitudes and the side effects among Arab communities after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine and use of machine learning (ML) tools to predict post-vaccination side effects based on predisposing factors. Methods: An online-based multinational survey was carried out via social media platforms from June 14 to 31 August 2021, targeting individuals who received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine from 22 Arab countries. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Moreover, extensive ML tools were utilized to predict 30 post vaccination adverse effects and their severity based on 15 predisposing factors. The importance of distinct predisposing factors in predicting particular side effects was determined using global feature importance employing gradient boost as AutoML. Results: A total of 10,064 participants from 19 Arab countries were included in this study. Around 56% were female and 59% were aged from 20 to 39 years old. A high rate of vaccine hesitancy (51%) was reported among participants. Almost 88% of the participants were vaccinated with one of three COVID-19 vaccines, including Pfizer-BioNTech (52.8%), AstraZeneca (20.7%), and Sinopharm (14.2%). About 72% of participants experienced post-vaccination side effects. This study reports statistically significant associations (p < 0.01) between various predisposing factors and post-vaccinations side effects. In terms of predicting post-vaccination side effects, gradient boost, random forest, and XGBoost outperformed other ML methods. The most important predisposing factors for predicting certain side effects (i.e., tiredness, fever, headache, injection site pain and swelling, myalgia, and sleepiness and laziness) were revealed to be the number of doses, gender, type of vaccine, age, and hesitancy to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusions: The reported side effects following COVID-19 vaccination among Arab populations are usually non-life-threatening; flu-like symptoms and injection site pain. Certain predisposing factors have greater weight and importance as input data in predicting post-vaccination side effects. Based on the most significant input data, ML can also be used to predict these side effects; people with certain predicted side effects may require additional medical attention, or possibly hospitalization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reported Adverse Effects and Attitudes among Arab Populations Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Large-Scale Multinational Study Implementing Machine Learning Tools in Predicting Post-Vaccination Adverse Effects Based on Predisposing Factors

et al. 2022

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“…This systematic review shows the average of local side effects was Injection site pain 77.34%, considered the most often occurring local adverse effect, followed by local swelling 33.57%. According to research published in 2021 by Elnaem et al, pain at the injection site (61.1%) and fatigue (48.8 %) were the most frequently reported adverse effects among individuals who got Pfizer vaccination [ 42 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abu-Hammad et al demonstrated that adverse effects were more prevalent after the second dosage [ 48 ]. According to Elnaem et al, around 40% of adverse effects occurred more often with the second dosage, especially in those who got the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination vs. those who received the Sinovac or AstraZeneca vaccine [ 42 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (BNT162b2) Side Effects: A Systematic Review

Dighriri¹,

Alhusayni²,

Mobarki³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Vaccinations prevented severe clinical complications of COVID-19. It was considered a vital component of living endemically with COVID-19. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is the first mRNA-based vaccination that enhances immunity. Resulting in various adverse effects that may emerge after vaccination. This systematic review was undertaken to assess the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine side effects by reviewing the previous studies. A total of 107 PubMed and Google Scholar publications were screened for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine side effects. Fourteen articles met the study inclusion criteria. The included searching terms were a combination of “Pfizer vaccine and Side effects,” “BioNTech vaccine and side effects,” and “BNT162b2 vaccine and side effects,” as well as all synonyms. The total number of participants in the 14 studies was 10,632 participants. Average of the most frequent side effects of 14 studies were injection site pain 77.34%, fatigue 43%, muscle pain 39.67%, local swelling 33.57%, headache 33.27%, joint pain 25.75%, chills 18.34%, fever 18%, itching 9.38%, lymph nodes swelling 7.86%, nausea 7.58%, dyspnea 7.86%,and diarrhea 6.36%. The average side effects after the first dose were 79% compared with 84% after the second dose. The average occurs side effects in females at 69.8% compared with males 30.2%. Our study reveals that side effects after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine are common, but they are usually mild and self-limited. Local reactions like pain at the injection site are the most common. Anaphylactic shock or severe reactions are rare. We hope that our results will reassure the public that the benefits of vaccination far exceed the dangers. Also, help reduce vaccine hesitancy among individuals worried about vaccine safety and possible adverse effects.

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“…The reported post-vaccination side effects were mild and no need to hospitalization(CDC, 2021). So the study will be helpful to reduce vaccine hesitancy among people Elnaem et al (2021). have investigated the attitudes, perceptions, and experiences of the COVID-19 vaccine side effects in Malaysia through a cross-sectional survey conducted between May and July 2021.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants of concern including Omicron: A never ending pandemic

Mohapatra¹,

Kuppili

Suvvari

et al. 2022

Chem Biol Drug Des

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The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This zoonotic virus has emerged in Wuhan of China in December 2019 from bats and pangolins probably and continuing the human‐to‐human transmission globally since last two years. As there is no efficient approved treatment, a number of vaccines were developed at an unprecedented speed to counter the pandemic. Moreover, vaccine hesitancy is observed that may be another possible reason for this never ending pandemic. In the meantime, several variants and mutations were identified and causing multiple waves globally. Now the safety and efficacy of these vaccines are debatable and recommended to determine whether vaccines are able to interrupt transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 variant of concern (VOC). Moreover, the VOCs continue to emerge that appear more transmissible and less sensitive to virus‐specific immune responses. In this overview, we have highlighted various drugs and vaccines used to counter this pandemic along with their reported side effects. Moreover, the preliminary data for the novel VOC “Omicron” are discussed with the existing animal models.

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COVID-19 Vaccination Attitudes, Perceptions, and Side Effect Experiences in Malaysia: Do Age, Gender, and Vaccine Type Matter?

Cited by 50 publications

References 37 publications

Reported Adverse Effects and Attitudes among Arab Populations Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Large-Scale Multinational Study Implementing Machine Learning Tools in Predicting Post-Vaccination Adverse Effects Based on Predisposing Factors

Reported Adverse Effects and Attitudes among Arab Populations Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Large-Scale Multinational Study Implementing Machine Learning Tools in Predicting Post-Vaccination Adverse Effects Based on Predisposing Factors

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (BNT162b2) Side Effects: A Systematic Review

SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants of concern including Omicron: A never ending pandemic

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