COVID-19 Treatment—Current Status, Advances, and Gap

Ho, C. M.; Lee, Ping Chin

doi:10.3390/pathogens11101201

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Ivermectin is currently in phase 3 clinical trials with a 600 mcg dose. After these trials are completed, we can then make a conclusion regarding potential clinical management [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Repurposing Of Drugs For Treatment Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ACTIV-4a is a multicentre, open-label clinical trial study monitoring numerous targets involved in vascular homeostasis and the clotting cascades in COVID-19 patients [ 95 ]. The aforementioned monoclonal antibody is currently in ACTIV-4a continuous enrolment Q1 and phase 4 clinical trials for ACTIV-4a; the results will be available in 2023 for clinical management [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Repurposing Of Drugs For Treatment Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Repurposed Drugs for Potential COVID-19 Treatment

Govender

Chuturgoon

2022

Antibiotics

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has placed severe constraints on healthcare systems around the globe. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused upheaval in the healthcare and economic sectors worldwide. On the 20th of May 2020, the World Health Organisation declared COVID-19 a global pandemic due to the unprecedented number of cases reported around the globe. As of the 4th of November 2022, there were 637,117,429 coronavirus cases reported globally by Worldometer stats, with 6,602,572 related deaths. In South Africa, there were approximately 4,029,496 coronavirus cases and 102,311 associated deaths. As such, there is a need for efficacious therapeutic regimes. There has been a paucity of knowledge encompassing the use of effective and specific antiviral drug therapies for treating COVID-19 since the outbreak. In this review, we provide valuable insights into the repurposing of current drugs for COVID-19. Drug repurposing provides a suitable option for the discovery of efficacious drugs for COVID-19, thereby decreasing the costs and turnaround times of drug development strategies. This review provides an overview of ten drugs, including antimalarial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, nucleoside analogue, monoclonal-antibody drugs, that were repurposed for the potential treatment of COVID-19.

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Section: Repurposing Of Drugs For Treatment Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Repurposing Of Drugs For Treatment Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Repurposed Drugs for Potential COVID-19 Treatment

Govender

Chuturgoon

2022

Antibiotics

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“…Numerous clinical trials using repurposed drugs such as remdesivir, nelfinavir, ivermectin, cepharanthine, hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, tocilizumab, and others are ongoing. 4,5 Baricitinib and nirmatrelvir were recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat COVID-19, but their effectiveness has been limited. 6 Other strategies, including the use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, have been used to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication 7,8 ; however, most existing therapeutics and vaccines are based on early circulating strains, and their efficacy has diminished because of a rise in the number of mutations in emerging variants, posing a significant challenge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several approaches have been employed to discover therapeutics against COVID‐19. Numerous clinical trials using repurposed drugs such as remdesivir, nelfinavir, ivermectin, cepharanthine, hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, tocilizumab, and others are ongoing 4,5 . Baricitinib and nirmatrelvir were recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat COVID‐19, but their effectiveness has been limited 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo suppression of SARS‐CoV‐2 replication by a modified, short, cell‐penetrating peptide targeting the C‐terminal domain of the viral spike protein

Kim

Baek

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Peptides are promising therapeutic agents for COVID‐19 because of their specificity, easy synthesis, and ability to be fine‐tuned. We previously demonstrated that a cell‐permeable peptide corresponding to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Spike C‐terminal domain (CD) inhibits the interaction between viral spike and nucleocapsid proteins that results in SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in vitro. Here, we used docking studies to design R‐t‐Spike CD(D), a more potent short cell‐penetrating peptide composed of all D‐form amino acids and evaluated its inhibitory effect against the replication of SARS‐CoV‐2 S clade and other variants. R‐t‐Spike CD(D) was internalized into Vero cells and Calu‐3 cells and suppressed the replication of SARS‐CoV‐2 S clade, delta variant, and omicron variant with higher potency than the original peptide. In hemizygous K18‐hACE2 mice, intratracheal administration of R‐t‐Spike CD(D) effectively delivered the peptide to the trachea and lungs, whereas intranasal administration delivered the peptide mostly to the upper respiratory system and stomach, and a small amount to the lungs. Administration by either route reduced viral loads in mouse lungs and turbinates. Furthermore, intranasally administered R‐t‐Spike CD(D) mitigated pathological change in the lungs and increased the survival of mice after infection with the SARS‐CoV‐2 S clade or delta variant. Our data suggest that R‐t‐Spike CD(D) has potential as a therapeutic agent against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

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“…Vaccination against COVID-19 is currently the most-effective first line of defense against severe disease and death; however, the antigenicity of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants affects the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs are available for the treatment of COVID-19 (1,2); however, the risk of emerging escape or resistant viruses drives the need for alternative approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral intake of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus pentosus ONRICb0240 partially protects mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Kiso

Uraki²,

Ito³

et al. 2023

Front. Virol.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Besides vaccines and antiviral drugs, probiotics have attracted attention for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we examined the efficacy of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus pentosus ONRICb0240 (b240) against SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. We observed that oral intake of heat-killed b240 did not affect virus titers in the respiratory organs of SARS-CoV-2-infected mice, but did provide partial protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, heat-killed b240 treatment suppressed the expression of IL-6, a key proinflammatory cytokine, on Day 2 post-infection. Our results highlight the promising protective role of heat-killed b240 and suggest a possible mechanism by which heat-killed b240 partially protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection by modulating host responses.

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COVID-19 Treatment—Current Status, Advances, and Gap

Cited by 8 publications

References 78 publications

An Overview of Repurposed Drugs for Potential COVID-19 Treatment

An Overview of Repurposed Drugs for Potential COVID-19 Treatment

In vitro and in vivo suppression of SARS‐CoV‐2 replication by a modified, short, cell‐penetrating peptide targeting the C‐terminal domain of the viral spike protein

Oral intake of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus pentosus ONRICb0240 partially protects mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection

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