COVID-19 transmission inside a small passenger vessel: Risks and mitigation

A computational fluid dynamics—Population balance equation approach for evaporating cough droplets transport

“…A multi-block structured grid with 67 520 cube cells is adopted in this study. The grids of similar scale have been proved to be reliable in Chen et al (2006) and Huang et al (2022) . For boundary conditions, the inlet velocity is 0.225 .…”

“…Considering the possible high computational costs, the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations are widely adopted for the gas phase in more complex scenarios, such as elevator ( Sen, 2021 ), airplane cabin zone ( Talaat et al, 2021 ), classroom ( He et al, 2021 ), restaurant ( Liu et al, 2021 ), bus ( Yang et al, 2022 ) and ship ( Huang et al, 2022 ). In particular, Dbouk and Drikakis (2020) used E–L approach to studied the cough droplets transport, where the effects of relative humidity, evaporation and wind speed etc.…”

COVID Pandemics and Inland Transportation in the Brazilian Amazon: A Note on the Risks of Infection in Typical Passenger Vessels

“…On the other hand, recent engineering studies have investigated adequate layout of passengers and cargo areas of passenger vessels using numerical methods [33,34], as well as the duration and health impact of COVID-19 outbreaks in cargo vessels using mathematical approaches [35]. Huang et al [33,34] used computational fluid dynamics methods to evaluate the dispersion of airborne fluids, such as those derived from coughing, and proposed guidance on the recommended passenger distribution to avoid interaction with the fluid. The most recent application of this approach has been presented by [36], who investigated the distribution of COVID-19 viruses on a fishing vessel, considering various wind and wave conditions.…”