COVID-19, the Pandemic, and Challenges Associated with Vaccines

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many issues facing the international community as a whole to the forefront. Issues related to achieving herd immunity, to wear a mask or not to mask, get the vaccine or skip the vaccine, as well as the numerous issues of the pandemic that surround our children during the pandemic and issues surrounding vaccination. Vaccines have been a major concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper introduces the types of methods, techniques, and platforms involved in making COVID-19 vaccines; vaccines against COVID-19 and the length of time between first and second doses; the efficacy of vaccines; the variants or mutations and the efficacy of vaccines against the variants; the side effects of vaccines; vaccines for individuals with complications or pregnancy; herd immunity; and vaccine hesitancy.