COVID‐19 severity from Omicron and Delta SARS‐CoV‐2 variants

Wrenn, Jesse O.; Pakala, Suman B.; Vestal, Grant; Shilts, Meghan H.; Brown, Hunter M.; Bowen, Sara M; Strickland, Britton A.; Williams, Timothy J.; Mallal, S.; Jones, Ian D.; Schmitz, Jonathan E.; Self, Wesley H.; Das, Suman

doi:10.1111/irv.12982

Cited by 81 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Few studies have been completed in different countries where the Omicron severity and other attributes were compared with the Delta taking into account all hospital sections. As a general finding, a decreased severity was found in the Omicron group [ 8 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. For example, Omicron infection had about a two-fold lower mortality relative to Delta using data from the USA’s Delta and Omicron infection waves [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

COVID-19 Variants in Critically Ill Patients: A Comparison of the Delta and Omicron Variant Profiles

Corriero

Ribezzi

Mele

et al. 2022

Infectious Disease Reports

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Background: Coronavirus disease is a pandemic that has disrupted many human lives, threatening people’s physical and mental health. Each pandemic wave struck in different ways, infectiveness-wise and mortality-wise. This investigation focuses on critically ill patients affected by the last two variants, Delta and Omicron, and aims to analyse if any difference exists between the two groups. Methods: intensive care unit (ICU) COVID-19 consecutive admissions between 1 October 2021 and 31 March 2022 were recorded daily, and data concerning the patients’ demographics, variants, main comorbidities, ICU parameters on admission, and the outcome were analysed by a univariate procedure and by a multivariate analysis. Results: 65 patients were enrolled, 31 (47.69%) belonging to the Omicron versus 34 (52.31%) to the Delta group. The mortality rate was 52.94% for the Omicron group versus 41.9% for the Delta group. A univariate analysis showed that the Omicron variant was associated with total comorbidities number, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), pre-existing pulmonary disease, vaccination status, and acute kidney injury (AKI). In stepwise multivariate analysis, the total number of comorbidities was positively associated with the Omicron group, while pulmonary embolism was negatively correlated with the Omicron group. Conclusion: Omicron appears to have lost some of the hallmarks of the Delta variant, such as endothelialitis and more limited cellular tropism when it comes to the patients in the ICU. Further studies are encouraged to explore different therapeutic approaches to treat critical patients with COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

COVID-19 Variants in Critically Ill Patients: A Comparison of the Delta and Omicron Variant Profiles

Corriero

Ribezzi

Mele

et al. 2022

Infectious Disease Reports

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“… 48 But the majority of studies do still suggest that infection with Omicron is associated with substantially reduced risk of progression to severe clinical outcomes, hospitalisation and death relative to Delta (B.1.617.2) variant. 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 However, the lower incidence of hospitalisation and deaths with Omicron compared to previous variants, is confounded by the high level of vaccination and previous infection by other variants that may confer some protection. 55 A recent WHO report also showed, after adjusting for the confounding effects of age, sex, ethnicity, prior infection, vaccination status, comorbidities, effect of province and effect of public/private sector, evidence of reduced severity and lower mortality for the Omicron variant as compared with the Delta variant.…”

Section: Is Omicron More Infectious But With Less Severe Disease Outc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variants BA.1 to BA.5: Implications for immune escape and transmission

Shrestha

Foster

Rawlinson

et al. 2022

Reviews in Medical Virology

350

278

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The first dominant SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant BA.1 harbours 35 mutations in its Spike protein from the original SARS‐CoV‐2 variant that emerged late 2019. Soon after its discovery, BA.1 rapidly emerged to become the dominant variant worldwide and has since evolved into several variants. Omicron is of major public health concern owing to its high infectivity and antibody evasion. This review article examines the theories that have been proposed on the evolution of Omicron including zoonotic spillage, infection in immunocompromised individuals and cryptic spread in the community without being diagnosed. Added to the complexity of Omicron's evolution are the multiple reports of recombination events occurring between co‐circulating variants of Omicron with Delta and other variants such as XE. Current literature suggests that the combination of the novel mutations in Omicron has resulted in the variant having higher infectivity than the original Wuhan‐Hu‐1 and Delta variant. However, severity is believed to be less owing to the reduced syncytia formation and lower multiplication in the human lung tissue. Perhaps most challenging is that several studies indicate that the efficacy of the available vaccines have been reduced against Omicron variant (8–127 times reduction) as compared to the Wuhan‐Hu‐1 variant. The administration of booster vaccine, however, compensates with the reduction and improves the efficacy by 12–35 fold. Concerningly though, the broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies, including those approved by FDA for therapeutic use against previous SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, are mostly ineffective against Omicron with the exception of Sotrovimab and recent reports suggest that the Omicron BA.2 is also resistant to Sotrovimab. Currently two new Omicron variants BA.4 and BA.5 are emerging and are reported to be more transmissible and resistant to immunity generated by previous variants including Omicron BA.1 and most monoclonal antibodies. As new variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 will likely continue to emerge it is important that the evolution, and biological consequences of new mutations, in existing variants be well understood.

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“…The COVID-19 vaccine is the most effective tool to prevent serious illness and death caused by the different variants of SARS-CoV-2 [ 3 , 4 ]. Despite these benefits vaccination rates have slowed down in many countries [ 5 ], probably due to a more relaxed attitude among young people toward COVID-19 and the beliefs that new variants (such as Omicron) are less severe than previous ones (such as Delta) [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citizen Stance towards Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination and Vaccine Booster Doses: A Study in Colombia, El Salvador and Spain

et al. 2022

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The infections and deaths resulting from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered the need for some governments to make COVID-19 vaccines mandatory. The present study aims to analyze the position of 3026 adults in Colombia, El Salvador, and Spain regarding the possibility of making COVID-19 vaccine mandatory and the intention to be vaccinated with the booster or possible successive doses. Data from an online survey conducted from August to December 2021 among a non-representative sample of Spanish-speaking countries were collected. Multinomial Logistic Regression Models were used. A total of 77.4% of Colombians were in favor of mandatory vaccination compared to 71.5% of Salvadorians and 65.4% of Spaniards (p < 0.000). Women and people over 65 years of age were the groups most in favor of making the vaccine mandatory (p < 0.000). A total of 79.4% said they had received a third dose or would intend to receive the third dose or future doses, if necessary, compared with 9.4% who expressed doubts and 9.9% who refused to be vaccinated or did not intend to be vaccinated. Among the measures that could be taken to motivate vaccination, 63.0% and 60.6% were in favor of requiring a negative test to enter any place of leisure or work, respectively, compared to 16.2% in favor of suspension from work without pay. The acceptance of mandatory vaccination and of third or future doses varies greatly according to sociodemographic characteristics and work environment. As such, it is recommended that policy makers adapt public health strategies accordingly.

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COVID‐19 severity from Omicron and Delta SARS‐CoV‐2 variants

Cited by 81 publications

References 19 publications

COVID-19 Variants in Critically Ill Patients: A Comparison of the Delta and Omicron Variant Profiles

COVID-19 Variants in Critically Ill Patients: A Comparison of the Delta and Omicron Variant Profiles

Evolution of the SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variants BA.1 to BA.5: Implications for immune escape and transmission

Citizen Stance towards Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination and Vaccine Booster Doses: A Study in Colombia, El Salvador and Spain

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