COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment

Francia, Silvia De; Chiara, Francesco Di; Allegra, Sarah

doi:10.3390/life13030834

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…The virus was highly contagious, and the case fatality rate was approximately 2% for the ancestral strain. Various strategies and measurements were implemented to control, contain, and mitigate the pandemic, including lockdowns, social distancing, non-pharmaceutical interventions, antiviral agents, immune modulators, and vaccines [3][4][5]. The mainstay measurements varied in different areas with different epidemics, resources, and times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Bivalent COVID-19 Vaccination: A Preliminary Report

Chen,

Lin,

Chi

et al. 2023

Life

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Vaccination has been a game-changer in the long battle against COVID-19. However, waning vaccine-induced immunity and the immune evasion of emerging variants create challenges. The rapid-fire development of bivalent vaccines (BVs), comprising ancestral strains and a new variant, was authorized to prevent COVID-19, but the effectiveness of the updated vaccines remains largely unclear. Electronic databases were searched to investigate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of BVs in humans. As of March 2023, 20 trials were identified. Compared with monovalent vaccination, the induced immunogenicity against ancestral strains was similar. The BVs demonstrated approximately 33–50% higher immunogenicity values against additional variant strains. An observational cohort study showed the additional clinical effectiveness of the BVs. The adverse events were similar. In conclusion, our systematic review found that the BVs had equal immunogenicity against ancestral strains without safety concerns. Approximately 33–50% increased additional antibody titers and clinical effectiveness against additional variant strains were observed in subjects with a BV vaccine with moderate heterogeneity, especially for BA.1-containing BVs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%